河南道軍事權力的爭奪－安史動亂期間(755-762)的一個區域研究

The Conflict of Military Power in Honan-Dou-A District Research of An-Shih Riot (755-762)

林偉洲(Wei-Chou Lin)

《研究與動態》 12期 (2005/06) Pp. 103-127

摘要

唐代藩鎮體制的形成，一直缺乏從中央設計的角度進行思考和解釋。本文以肅宗和李泌的一篇討論平亂後封賞功臣的對話進入，並以戰亂期間，河南道節度的變化為討論中心，針對藩鎮體制的形成，提出一個唐中央角度的解釋。文中並提出乾元元年(758)是藩鎮體制形成的關鍵年代。從至德二載(757)十一月，安慶緒退出河南道，轉進河北相州，加上史思明上表請降，全國已再短暫回復統一，此時不僅河南道節度的增置，全國原無節鎮區也已普設節鎮。因此，從軍政的角度思考，若非肅宗有意的往藩鎮體制設計，則廢除當時尚屬少數的節度，應較廣設節度後，若欲重建新軍政體制時，再行廢除較為容易。可証，此乃唐中央軍政秩序重建思考後的規劃。至於藩鎮體制形成的內在精神有強幹弱枝、眾建節度使二原則。

關鍵字

唐肅宗 ； 安史之亂 ； 河南道 ； 節度使

並列摘要

The point of view that T'ang central government conducted the forming of T'ang Chieh-tu Shih system has rarely been considered and explained. This article comes from the discussion between Su-tsung and Li-bih about rewarding of the achieved statesmen. According to the changing process of Honan-Dou Chieh-tu Shih in war turmoil, I found out an explanation that is from T'ang central government. To the forming of Chieh-tu Shih system, the year of Qian Yen Year 1(superscript st) (758) is critical. On November of Zhi-De Year 2(superscript nd) (757) An-Ging-Xu retreated from Honan-Dou to Hopeh Xiang Zhou, then Shi-Si-Ming offered a surrender, thus the whole country restored to temporary peace and re-unity. At that time, Chieh-tu Shih had not only been expanded in Honan-Dou, but also been created in other places of the country. From the military standpoint, Chieh-tu Shihs are much easier to be abolished when they arc few than they are quite a few. So, it can tell that establishing Chieh-tu Shih is a considered plan of T'ang Su-tsung for reconstruction of military order. As for the forming of Chieh-tu Shih system, there are two principles in the spirit. One is strong truck weak branch. The other is multi-establishing Chieh-tu Shih.

並列關鍵字

T'ang Su-tsung ； An-Shih Rebellion ； Honan-Dou ； Chieh-tu Shih