政治意圖與批評話語的強勢聯姻―毛語體時代文藝批評的運行策略解析

Mighty Combination of Political Intention and Criticism Discourse: An Analysis of the Operating Strategy of Literary and Art Criticism in the Era of Maoist Style of Writing

黃擎(Qing Huang)

《中國現代文學》 16期 (2009/12) Pp. 193-208

https://doi.org/10.29980/MCL.200912.0009

摘要

毛語體指以毛澤東為代表的一個時代的最高權力體系話語，毛語體時代指毛語體的影響力輻射到全國，成為個體或群體語言的典範的時代，其時問跨度大體從1949年至1976年「文革」結束。毛語體時代出現了「社會的政治化」和「政治的社會化」趨勢，文藝的創作、傳播、接受與批評，都被整合進政治體制之中，文藝行為往往直接成為某種政治行為。政府主要通過「單位」制度的管理將各種文藝工作者的組織團體、高等院校、文藝研究機構、文藝報刊、文藝出版機構等納入政治體制內，實現對文藝活動全面有效的管理和監控。權力話語極大地規約了毛語體時代文藝批評範式和文藝批評話語的形成和發展，政治意圖與文藝批評之問的強勢聯姻，使批評話語和權力話語的齒輪緊緊地咬合在一起。

關鍵字

毛語體 ； 文藝批評 ； 運行策略

並列摘要

Maoist style of writing refers to the discourse of the supreme power system in an era represented by Mao Zedong. The era of Maoist style of writing refers to the time when the influence of this style was spread across the country and was typified as the individual or collective discourse, spanning the years from the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976. The era of Maoist style of writing coincided with the trends of ”the politicalization of society” and ”socialization of politics”, when literary and art creation, communication, acceptance and criticism were integrated into the political system, and when literature and arts often turned out to be direct political actions. By implementing an ”unit” policy and management, the government incorporated into the political system the associations of writers and artists, higher education institutions, literary and art research institutions and presses, for the purpose of executing complete and effective management and supervision over the literary and art activities. The power discourse largely regulated the formation and development of the format and discourse of literary and art criticism during the era of Maoist style of writing. The mighty combination of political intention and literary and art criticism forged the close links between criticism and power discourse.

並列關鍵字

Maoist style of writing ； literature and art criticism ； the operating strategy