海耶克自由主義的證成途徑：社會演化之方法論典範

The Hayekian Approach to the Justification of Liberalism: A Paradigm for the Research of Social Evolution

李世榮(Shul-John Li)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 23期 (2007/12) Pp. 123-178

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532007120023004

摘要

本文從方法論的觀點展示海耶克自由主義的證成(justification)途徑。第一，辨識海耶克前後期學術思想在理論方法上的演變。其次，闡述海氏自發秩序理論與社會演化論互為經緯之脈絡，釐清其演化論及以之證成自由主義所遭遇的一些根本誤解。第三，總結海氏自由主義的特色，在以維護社會演化之「自由道德傳統」為手段追求發展文明之績效，點出護持社會制度演化大業之「元原則」(meta-doctrine)以確保此傳統之生生不息。

關鍵字

海耶克 ； 自由主義 ； 自發秩序 ； 社會演化論

並列摘要

The study shows Hayek's evolutionary approach to the justification of liberalism. Firstly, it distinguishes a significant change in the methodological paradigm between Hayek' earlier and later phases of social theories. Secondly, it demonstrates Hayek's social evolutionary theory which is mutually complementary to the theory of spontaneous order, and thereby clarifies some vital criticisms of his evolutionary theory and his evolutionary approach to the justification of liberalism. Thirdly, it argues that the Hayekian liberalism may be viewed as an attempt to promote the development of civilization by means of preserving the moral institutions of liberty, and to promote the spontaneous evolution of such institutions in accordance with the course of liberty by imposing on it a set of meta-doctrines that are essential to the moral tradition of liberty.

並列關鍵字

Hayek ； liberalism ； spontaneous order ； social evolutionary theory

參考文獻

李世榮(2006)。簡單了解海耶克：論海耶克思想體系的自由與規則。政治與社會哲學評論。19，113-152。

錢永祥(2002)。演化論適合陳述自由主義嗎？－對哈耶克式論證的反思。台灣社會研究季刊。46，173-192。

Alchian, Armen(1950).Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory.Journal of Political Economy.58(3),211-221.

Caldwell, Bruce(2001).Hodgson on Hayek: A Critique.Cambridge Journal of Economics.25(4),539-553.

Caldwell, Bruce(2004).Hayekian Evolution Reconsidered: A Reply to Hodgson.Cambridge Journal of Economics.28(2),301-305.