中共對臺政策的歷史演變(1949-2000)

The Development of PRC's Policy toward Taiwan (1949-2000)

高素蘭(Su-Lan Kao)

《國史館學術集刊》 4期 (2004/09) Pp. 189-228

https://doi.org/10.7058/BAH.200409.0189

摘要

本文主要是以中共政權各個時期的主要領導人作分析探討，他們在對臺工作的方針政策，保持統一性和持續性。
毛澤東時期的對臺政策主要是以武力解放爲主，爭取和平解放及孤立臺灣、統戰海外僑民。鄧小平時期對臺工作是在不放棄武力解決臺灣的前提下，採取較緩和且有利經濟發展取向的政策，如利用三通四流、和平統一、一國兩制等較具體的政策，逐步實現中國的和平統一。江澤民時期的對臺政策方針基本上是承續鄧小平時期的和平統一、一國兩制，主要體現的內容是「堅持一個中國原則」與「不放棄武力犯臺」。
檢視中共對臺政策的歷史演變，雖在不同時期的背景與環境變遷下，有不同的相應政策提出，但其對臺最高政策目標是不變的—即是統一，不同的是所使用的策略手段可以彈性。其特徵如下：一、堅持一中原則，二、和戰相互運用，三、運用國際壓力，四、談判對象改變。

關鍵字

中共對臺政策 ； 一個中國 ； 和平統一 ； 一國兩制 ； 對等談判

並列摘要

This paper aims to analyze the policies made by the leaders of PRC at different periods of time.
During Mao's time, the policy was one of force. Mao wanted to use military force to liberate Taiwan, to isolate it, and to integrate overseas Chinese. Teng Shiao-ping's tactics were milder, while he did not totally give up military forces. Besides, he also took advantage of economic development. For example, he proposed ”the three communications and the four exchanges,” ”peaceful unification,” ”one nation two systems” as steps to final unification. In a similar way, Chiang Tse-ming wished to integrate Taiwan in a peaceful way. His slogans were ”insistence on one China principle” and ”never giving up military forces to subdue Taiwan.”
By examining the policies of the Communist leaders in the past, we have come to understand that each of them might have used different strategies and tactics depending on circumstances, and yet they have had the same goal all the time-unification. Their different strategies and tactics can be summarized as (1) insistence on one China, (2) peace and war intermingled, (3) taking advantage of international pressures, (4) changing negotiation partners.

並列關鍵字

PRC Policy toward Taiwan ； One China Policy ； Reunification in Peace ； One County-Two Systems ； Co-equal and Reciprocal Negotiation

參考文獻

人民日報(1955/04/01-1990/11/01)

人民政協報(1986/12/19)

大公報(1974/03/01)

中央日報(1950/06/01-1982/10/01)

中國時報(1991/04/01-1998/07/01)