參與之後？大陸配偶之政治行動與認同

After Participation? Mainland Spouses' Political Actions and Identity in Taiwan

楊婉瑩(Wan-ying Yang) ； 張雅雯(Ya-wen Chang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 15卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-50

摘要

本研究探討，陸配來臺在政治社會敵意及傳統性別體制包夾下，經歷認同的困惑與失落，在採取發聲行動試圖改變之後，如何地影響其集體認同，而她們和臺灣這個政治社群的關係又產生何種轉化。本研究採取Simon與Klandermans（2001）「政治化的集體認同」觀點認為，行動與認同有著雙向互動的關係，權力鬥爭以及政治參與的過程，正是認同發展與重建的關鍵。透過田野研究我們觀察到，當陸配試圖改變其處境時，在這過程中，她們理解到臺灣這個政治體系的運作規則，內化社群價值，採取體系所接受的相對應的政治行動，強化了自己作為這個政治社群成員的能動性。而她們的行動是否得到體系的支持回應，不但影響她們對這個政治社群的認同的發展，也持續影響往後他們的政治參與方式。再者，陸配對臺灣的認同與行動的選擇，有著不同的連結與發展路徑，在訪談個案中，我們既看到Hirschman（1970）所指出的積極的「發聲」與「退出」的兩種回應，也提出另一種消極「疏離」的可能回應。這些不同的認同情感與行動連結的樣態，顯示陸配的政治認同是在行動的過程中被具體化，更是異質多樣的政治化的過程。

關鍵字

大陸配偶 ； 政治化集體認同 ； 政治參與 ； 政治認同

並列摘要

Facing Taiwan's sociopolitical hostility and gender patriarchy, Mainland spouses have experienced the sense of confusion and the loss of identity. How do they react to this trapped situations? Do their voicing actions change their status and political identity? And what has changed in their relationship with Taiwan as a political community? Our study adopts Simon and Klandermans' (2001) concept of ＂Politicalized Collective Identity＂ which argues that action and identity have a two-way interaction: the process of power struggle and political participation are the keys to individuals' identity development and reconstruction. From in-depth interviews and field research, we found that as mainland spouses try to change their situation, they encounter the regulations of political systems, internalize the norms of the political community, and take corresponding political actions approved by the system. Consequently, Mainland spouses strengthen their political agency as members of the system. Simultaneously, the political system's support for their actions not only affects their identity with the political community but also continues to influence their political participation in the future. Furthermore, there are diverse linkages and paths between Mainland spouses' identity with Taiwan and their choices of actions. From the interviewees, we not only find the active types of political action-＂voice＂ and ＂exit＂, the ideal types coined by Hirshman, but also discover the more passive type of ＂alienation＂. The different patterns linking their attachment feelings and political actions reveal that the political identity of mainland spouses is formed and reified in the process of political action, which is in itself a process of diverse and heterogeneous politicization.

並列關鍵字

Mainland spouses ； politicized collective identity ； political participation ； political identity

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