本文使用「2014台灣社會公平正義滿意度」調查資料,同時以迴歸分析與集合分析兩種方法檢視台灣民眾的社會福利態度是否受到以下四類因素的影響:(一)體制評價:包括民主制度正當性與台灣民主滿意度;(二)個人規範性信念:包括規範性道德經濟與社會平等;(三)階級:包括自我認定的階級、職業和收入;(四)人口學變項:包括具有啟蒙民眾規範性觀念功能的教育程度,以及具有自利意涵的年齡、性別和縣市富裕程度。線性迴歸模型顯示,整體模型與個別變數的解釋力都偏低。然而,集合分析的結果卻顯示,「支持民主制度」與「支持社會平等」是「支持社會福利」不可或缺的必要條件。在充分條件方面,因為多元因果關係,總共有21條因果路徑。在各因果路徑中,「支持民主體制」、「支持道德經濟」、「支持社會平等」等價值觀是觸發支持社會福利的重要條件。單純自利考量不足以讓一般民眾支持社會福利,自利考量仍然必須與價值觀結合才會形成支持社會福利的態度。簡言之,台灣民眾支持社會福利的態度,是在支持民主的前提下,規範性觀念與自利考量結合的結果。
This research uses "The 2014 Survey on Social Justice in Taiwan" to examine the factors causing welfare attitudes in Taiwan. Both linear regression and crisp-set analysis are performed to analyze four categories of factors. (a) Regime Evaluation: legitimacy of democracy and satisfaction with democracy in Taiwan; (b) Normative Values: moral economy and social equality; (c) Class: self-identified class, jobs, and income; (d) demographic characteristics: education, age, gender, and area. The result of regression shows that neither the model nor the individual variables can explain Taiwanese welfare attitudes. However, the solutions of crisp-set demonstrate the contrary. "Supporting Democracy" and "Supporting Social Equality" are necessary conditions for "Supporting Social Welfare". Regarding sufficient conditions, twentyone causal paths leading to "Supporting Social Welfare" are identified. "Supporting Democracy", "Moral Economy", and "Supporting Social Equality" are especially crucial to intrigue "Supporting Social Welfare" within these causal paths. Self-interest cannot cause welfare attitudes independent of other factors. Instead, the preference to social welfare are shaped by the interaction between self-interest and normative values. In a nutshell, Taiwanese support social welfare as a result of the interaction between self-interested and normative considerations in a legitimate democratic regime.