垂直式與水平式產業內貿易決定因素之實證分析—臺灣主要製造業之驗證

Measurement and Determinants of Vertical and Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade: Evidence from Taiwan's Main Manufacturing Industry

李宥蒼(You-Tsang Lee) ； 張國益(Kuo-I Chang)

《臺灣經濟預測與政策》 42卷2期 (2012/03) Pp. 119-154

https://doi.org/10.29629/TEFP.201203.0004

摘要

本研究採用1997－2006年間，臺灣與六個主要貿易對手國的10種製造業做為研究的對象，並以HS前六碼作為計量的單位，透過Grubel and Lloyd（1975）及Greenaway et al.（1994，1995）的定義，將產業內貿易（intraindustry trade，IIT）拆解成IIT指標、垂直型IIT（vertical IIT，VIIT）指標、水平型IIT（horizontal IIT，HIIT）指標、高品質VIIT（high quality VIIT，HVIIT）指標、低品質VIIT（low quality VIIT，LVIIT）等五種指標，用來測量臺灣與6國IIT的發展程度與國際分工的關聯，再進一步去了解影響IIT發展的決定因素。本研究發現臺灣與中國、南韓、日本、新加坡的IIT與VIIT的貿易額及程度都有劇增的現象。然而，IIT的程度與份額大增，主要是由VIIT所貢獻，而HIIT占IIT的份額較低。近年來臺灣與主要貿易國間IIT程度中，主要是以VIIT占IIT的份額與貢獻最大，HIIT則占IIT的份額甚微。值得注意的是，實證分析發現FDI分別在臺灣與六個主要貿易對手國的IIT、VIIT以及HIIT等三種貿易型態上，皆扮演了重要的促進角色。

關鍵字

產業內貿易 ； 國際分工 ； 直接投資

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate the intra-industry trade (IIT) development of ten manufacturing industries based on a six-digit HS code between Taiwan and six major trading partners in 1997 to 2006. The investigation conducts four types of G-L index decomposition into Vertical IIT (VIIT) index, Horizontal IIT (HIIT) index, High quality VIIT (HVIIT) index, and Low quality VIIT (LVIIT) index to measure the fragmentation of production, and further determines the correlation of ten manufacturing industries in intra-industry trade.The result shows that Taiwan has a significant increase in IIT volume with China, South Korea, Japan, and Singapore. In the recent trading, VIIT represents a great proportion compared with HIIT on IIT. LVIIT has the highest rate out of VIIT among ten manufacturing industries. However, China appears to have a higher HVIIT rate in VIIT. The study concludes that foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the development of IIT, VIIT, and HIIT.

並列關鍵字

Intra-industry trade ； Fragmentation ； Foreign direct investment

參考文獻

Abd-el-Rahman, K.(1991).Firms' Competitive and National Comparative Advantages as Joint Determinants of Trade Composition.Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv.127(1),83-97.

Ando, M.(2006).Fragmentation and Vertical Intraindustry Trade in East Asia.North American Journal of Economics and Finance.17,257-281.

Aturupane, S. B.(1999).Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade between Eastern Europe and the European Union.Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv.135,62-81.

Balassa, B.(1986).Intra-Industry Specialization: A Cross-Country Analysis.European Economic Review.30,27-42.

Barker, T.(1977).International Trade and Economic Growth: An Alternative to the Neo-Classical Approach.Cambridge Journal of Economics.1,153-172.