一南臺灣水災後救護站醫療需求特徵

Characteristics of Medical Demand at Relief Stations after a Flood in Southern Taiwan

呂喬洋(Chiao-Yang Lu) ； 魏惠志(Hui-Chih Wei)

《北市醫學雜誌》 2卷12期 (2005/12) Pp. 1117-1124

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2005.2.12.05

摘要

目的：臺灣南部地區於94年6月上旬連日豪雨造成積水不退，故在馬市長的緊急決策下，派出本院支援「612豪雨重創南臺灣」醫療救護隊，前往雲林的臺西鄉、四湖鄉、口湖鄉、水林鄉、以及嘉義縣的東石鄉等五個服務地點展開醫療救援工作。方法：參與救援之醫療團隊成員包括有二皮膚科、外科、急診科及家醫科醫師、護理人員、防疫人員、藥師及行政人員等共22人，在災區停留5天(6/20-6/24)，共服務1,376人次。本研究係針對此次支援醫療救護隊，就五個服務地點求診病患之疾病別作統計分析。結果：結果發現主要求診原因以肌肉骨頭疼痛所佔比率最高，佔34.2%；皮膚出疹次之，佔33.6%；其他（如HIVD、牙周病、CVA、心悸、視力模糊等等無法歸類者）再次之，佔23.2%；另因長期泡水所引起的皮膚疾病（即俗稱水瘡）亦佔18.7%。另本次的救護中發現雲嘉地區許多民眾因眼疾、眼睛不適前來求診，國內學者亦曾針對此地區進行研究發現50歲以上白內障開刀率為10%，且發現職業性陽光暴露與眼睛皮質部混濁較有關係，結論：本次醫療隊的勤務雖僅是提供當地醫療緊急支援服務，但卻發現許多當地公共衛生方面議題，如白內障、高血壓等。但因醫療救援隊病歷內容極為精簡，無法完整收集到公共衛生研究所需的資料，實為可惜。如能事先將公衛調查項目導入其中，相信對於未來研究發展極有助益。更建議當地衛生單位能對病患做進一步追蹤治療成效，本研究旨在拋磚引玉建議做為未來公共衛生、環境保護等相關領域的重要研究議題。

關鍵字

天然災害 ； 傳染病 ； 白內障 ； 災難醫學

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: It was early June, serious flooding occurred after days of heavy rain in the southern part of Taiwan. This gave rise to various public health, medical service and epidemiology issues and concerns particularly because the affected areas tended to be remote and lack of medical infrastructure. My hospital was assigned to form a Taipei City Hospital Medical Relief Team, hereafter the Relief Team, with the purpose of assisting the rescue mission in five areas. Methods: To understand epidemiology in the disaster areas, we analyzed the reasons given for seeking medical attention, we carried out 1,376 patient visits. Results: The results show that the reason with the highest incidence was muscular-skeletal pain and this accounted for 34.2% of cases. The next highest was skin rash at 33.6% and the total for all remaining reasons including HIVD, periodontitis, CVA, palpitation, blurred vision etc was 23,2%. One particular condition that is worthy of specific mention was skin rash, which was caused by prolonged water submersion. This accounted for 18.7% of all cases. These results are based on our Relief Team's work, which started eight days after the disaster. By then, most cases of water rash or trauma have been taken care and were almost healed. Therefore, as these cases fell away, the high percentage of muscular-skeletal pain may have arisen because people had already began restoration work. One more point worth mentioning and this is that many residents came to use our team seeking ophthalmologic services. According to epidemiologic study on Cataract among Taiwanese older population, the cataract surgery rate was 10% for those 50 years and older. Occupational sun exposure probably plays an important role in these eye ailments. Conclusion: The high prevalence of eye disease among rural populations may need to become an important focus for the future public health studies.

並列關鍵字

Natural disaster ； infectious disease ； cataract ； disaster/catastrophe medicine