摘要
目的：失智症已成為目前公共衛生之主要問題，但在台灣目前尚未有完整的失智症及相關的危險因子的調查。因此本研究之目的乃在找出失智症相關的危險因子。方法：本研究收集65歲以上個案為主，共424人。再由精神科專科醫師依據病史，身體及神經檢查、DSM-IV失智症診斷標準評估。其中屬於失智症193人，無失智症231人，再做進一步評估，並針對其上述各項因素做一評估。結果：以SPSS統計方法，針對二組做統計分析，二組之間在年齡、教育程度、高血壓病史、心臟病史、憂鬱症狀、目前婚姻狀態、智能活動、吃維他命習慣等指標八項變數與失智症相關。再以logistic迴歸分析則顯示在年齡、高血壓病史、憂鬱症狀、目前婚姻狀態、有無智能活動、吃維他命及教育年數等六分項之間有顯著之差異。且以這八項日常生活的預測變項進行預測後，並設定機率的切割點為500，重新分類的正確性為70.8%，分析精度尚佳。結論：從本研究結果，得知對預防失智症我們應針對生活習慣與良好疾病的控制加以改善，如：加強老年人多做智能活動的宣導，適當的營養，改善目前居住的狀態及盡可能的退而不休，多參與目前社區的活動，以達到活到老學到老，同時也可增加人際之間的互動，有開朗的心情，再加上良好的慢性疾病控制，如此也可減緩失智症的發生。
並列摘要
Objective: Dementia is one of the most significant public health problems. The incidence of dementia and the risk factors associated with it have not been fully investigated in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for dementia. Method: The data were collected from a total of 424 individuals who were above the age 65. With the assistance of a psychiatrist, these individuals underwent clinical diagnosis (MMSE, CDR, and GDS, DSMIV criteria for dementia, Hachinski's ischemic scale and a CT scan of the brain were used as the standard to diagnose dementia). Among the 424 participants 193 were diagnose with dementia. This data was then used for further evaluation. Result: SPSS statistical analysis was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. Eight significant variables were discovered between the two groups: age, level of education, history of high blood pressure, history of heart disease, symptoms of depression, marital status, intellectual activity and vitamin intake. We then used logistic analysis for data differentiation and the results show that, except for heart disease, all the other variables were shown to be significantly different between the two groups. The data accuracy for this analysis is 70.8%. Conclusion: This study provides indicators for lifestyle changes for the public that will help to prevent the occurrence of dementia, such as increasing intellectual activity at an advanced age, maintaining a balanced nutritional intake and controlling chronic illness. It would seem that a simple change of lifestyle or habits is able to greatly decrease the risk factors for dementia.
延伸閱讀
- Chiu, W. C. (2014). 失智症之暴露危險因子與相關保護因子研究:以慢性C型肝炎感染、高血壓與糖尿病患者為例 [doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01214
- Chiang, C. J. (2007). 失智症環境與基因危險因子之分子流行病學研究 [doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00196
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- 黃婉茹、黃百川、王齡瑩、陳柏言、蕭涵憶、歐陽文貞（2022）。失智症患者的著色表現及其認知日常生活功能關聯。醫學與健康期刊，11(1)，91-98。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=23046856-202203-202204060017-202204060017-91-98