Reduction and Prevention of Chilling Injury by Pruning and Covering Treatments on Wax-apple (Syzgium samarangense Merr. et L.M. Perry)

利用修剪及覆蓋處理降低與防範蓮霧之寒害

黃基倬(Chi-Cho Huang) ； 王德男(Der-Nan Wang) ； 劉政道(Tsung-Dao Liou)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 2卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 73-80

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200503.0007

摘要

本試驗選定高雄縣六龜鄉蓮霧園為試區，試驗期間夜溫於93年12月以後降至15℃以下，12月21日至12月31日期間夜溫下降至10℃，最低氣溫為7.4℃。果實及葉片因低溫而生長遲緩或受限，更造成落果、果實凍傷及葉片寒害等現象發生。經由初步結果發現，催花後第二天進行第一次徒長枝強修剪，第十四天再行第二次內部枝條修剪，樹體於12月5日後果實已達紅頭期，成熟老葉及新葉之比例為80-90%：10-20%；歷經7.4℃低溫後，顯示可因此減緩葉片受害及果實寒害程度。在寒害防減(護)效益評估上，催花後採二次修剪者優於一次修剪者。同時，溫度低於10℃期間，於夜間進行樹冠覆蓋保護之效益更優於無覆蓋處理者，可減輕成熟葉片受害率20%、果實凍傷率25%及落果發生率10%。因此，藉由蓮霧催花處理後採二次階段進行枝條修剪，控制抽梢調整樹體活力，並於氣溫低於8℃時配合樹冠覆蓋處理，為本試驗中最佳的蓮霧寒害防減模式。

關鍵字

蓮霧 ； 落果 ； 寒害 ； 修剪 ； 樹冠覆蓋

並列摘要

A wax-apple field was selected in Lio-Gui area during the period from January 2003 to January 2004. Night temperature in the field decreased significantly to below 15℃ after December. During December 21-31, night temperature was further dropped down to below 10℃ with the minimum of 7.4℃. It was found that development and growth of fruits and leaves were limited by low temperature, which would cause damage symptoms such as fruit abscission, chilling injury and leaves injury. The preliminary results indicated that mature and young leaves were able to maintain at a ratio of 80-90% to 10-20% after early December when plants gave first pruning in 2 days after forcing flower treatment on vigorous shoots and followed by a second pruning on inner shoots in 14 days after forcing flower treatment. At that time, the fruit pericarp had turned red. The effect to reduce chilling injury was better when the plants were pruned twice than just one time. Treatment of covering tree canopy during night time also had better chilling protection than that without canopy cover when temperature below 10℃. It showed that cold damage to matured leaves, fruits, and fruits abscission were 20%, 25%, and 10% less, respectively, when temperature decreased to 7.4℃. Results suggest that, as temperature lower down to below 8℃, adjusting plant vigor by pruning shoots two times in conjunction with forcing flower treatment and canopy covering provide the best cold protection model for wax-apple from chilling injury.

並列關鍵字

Wax-apple ； Fruit abscission ； Chilling injury ； Pruning ； Canopy covering