臺南縣後壁鄉稻農對有機稻米看法之分析

A Study on Rice Farmers' Opinions on Organic Rice in Houbi Township of Tainan County

許世宏(Shih-Hung Hsu) ； 劉惠國(Hui-Kuo Liu) ； 柳婉郁(Wan-Yu Liu)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 7卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 21-36

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201003.0002

摘要

本研究之目的為探討稻農對有機稻米的栽培技術、成本、驗證、銷售，以種植有機稻米時所遇到的問題或不願意種植有機稻米的原因。本研究以臺南縣後壁鄉為研究地區，以稻農為研究對象，採用問卷進行資料統計分析。根據本研究之調查結果顯示，大多數稻農擁有26年以上的耕作經驗；多數稻農聽過有機稻米，也認為自己對於有機稻米栽培有一定的瞭解，但僅有半數稻農認為有機稻米是重要的，且不到三成比例之稻農願意種植有機稻米；而種植有機稻米的稻農大部分認為成本過高；不願意種植有機稻米的稻農大部分認為主要原因在於栽培技術困難，且需要花較多心力、人力及時間，因此不願意種植有機水稻。再由分析結果，稻農從事耕作年數越高，越傾向不願意種植有機稻米；認為有機肥對土壤肥力改良的成果較化學肥料好的稻農，越傾向了解有機稻米栽培；認為種植有機稻米投入成本較傳統稻米高的稻農，越傾向不願意種植有機稻米；認為有機稻米較傳統稻米不賺錢的稻農，越傾向不願意種植有機稻米；不了解有機稻米驗證各項收費是否高昂的稻農，越傾向不願意種植有機稻米。本研究最後針對臺南縣後壁鄉有機稻米推行不力之處提出政策建議如下：(1)政府應該採取持續而穩定的鼓勵措施，並提高對於有機資材及有機稻米驗證費用的相關補助金額；(2)大企業可認養國內有機水稻田，補助農民降低生產有機稻米的成本；(3)地方政府和農會應協助農民有更多機會接觸有機稻米的教育訓練、技術指導，進而促進後壁鄉有機稻米的生產與流通；(4)透過當地地方政府，結合集中並擴大有機稻米栽培面積經營管理，創造有機稻米的經營環境，避免有機水稻田受到鄰近田地噴灑農藥與病蟲害的污染；(5)政府應制訂完整的有機法規，才能保證有機稻農權益，助於有機稻米的發展。

關鍵字

有機農業 ； 稻農 ； 有機稻米 ； 問卷調查

並列摘要

The objectives of this study were to analyze opinions of rice farmers on the cultivation technologies, costs, certification procedures and sale of organic rice, including the problems encountered in the cultivation process, and the reasons for their unwillingness to grow organic rice. Focusing on the rice farmers in Houbi Township, Tainan County, the study was conducted through a survey questionnaire. The results showed that most of the rice farmers have had more than 26 years farming experience, with the majority knew about ”organic rice”. There were only half of the rice farmers holding the view that it was important to plant organic rice, but less than 30% were willing to do so. Most farmers who were already engaged in the plantation of organic rice felt that the cost was excessively high. Those unwilling to do so, on the other hand, believed that the main reasons were the difficulties on cultivation technologies, as well as the increased effort, manpower and time required in the cultivation process. Rice farmers with a longer experience in farming were less inclined to plant organic rice. Rice farmers who believed that organic fertilizers produced better effects than chemical fertilizers in improving the soil fertility usually had a better understanding of the cultivation of organic rice. It was also found that farmers who considered the growing of organic rice more costly than the cultivation of traditional rice were less prepared to plant organic rice; so were farmers who felt organic rice less profitable than traditional rice. Further, farmers who had no idea about the fees needed for the certification of organic rice were normally less willing to plant organic rice. Finally, in considering the unsatisfactory results in promoting organic rice in Houbi Township, Tainan County, the following suggestions are made for policy-making: (1) The government should implement ongoing and stable policies to encourage the plantation of organic rice; in the meantime increase the subsidies to the procurement of relevant organic material and the certification fees for organic rice. (2) The government may encourage large enterprises to sponsor organic rice farms, so as to reduce the relevant cost for planting organic rice. (3) The local government and Farmers' Associations should arrange relevant training or provide technical advice for farmers, in facilitating the production and distribution of organic rice in Houbi Township. (4) The competent authority should coordinate with the local government in order to integrate the relevant resources and expand the plantation area of organic rice. The purpose is to create a good environment for the cultivation of organic rice and avoid pollution caused by the use of pesticides or crop pests from neighboring farms. (5) The government should establish integrated regulations to manage organic products, thereby protecting the rights and interests of the organic rice farmers and contributing to the development of the organic rice products.

並列關鍵字

Organic agriculture ； Rice farmers ； Organic rice ； Survey questionnaire