悲傷影響因素之初探

An Explorative Study of the Influential Factors upon the Grief

何長珠(Chang-Chu Pearl Ho)

《生死學研究》 7期 (2008/01) Pp. 139-192

https://doi.org/10.29844/JLDS.200801.0004

摘要

本研究係文獻回顧，收集1995-2005年間與「悲傷」有關之「生理」、「社會」、「家庭」、「文化」、「宗教」、「背景資料」資料，提出發現與建議。
發現：喪偶的老年女性，更易引發憂鬱或創傷性悲傷；而男性則在死亡率或生病率上高於女性；不論男女，喪親後半年內的創傷性傷慟可預測出癌症等重症；工作有助於遺族之保持身體健康；社會支持普遍有助於減輕壓力及心理健康；人們對死亡和悲傷往往表現出多樣的社會建構，暗示一個更寬容和彈性的喪慟氛圍之有待建立；公開溝通表達感覺，有助於家庭功能之增進；治療性團體的介入對喪親孩童特別有效；社會支持雖然重要，但必須「質重於量」，否則可能造成所謂的「無助」或「無賴」的悲痛者；大部分人仍逃避談論生死，教育上廣義（通識）或狹義（生死）課程的介入是重要的議題；喪親老人之孤獨是最常被提到的困擾。
建議：傷慟是一種正／負與內／外交織往復的心理歷程，未來研究方向為評估多項度變項之危險及保護因子，藉以闡明影響喪慟的可能途徑；悲傷輔導之內涵為認知層面的「生命與死亡意義之探索與重新建構」、情感層面的「悲傷負面情緒之表達與接受」以及行為層面的「問題解決能力之學習與開展」。

關鍵字

悲傷輔導

並列摘要

This is a literature review of the influential factors upon grief from 1995-2005. Factors such as physical, psychological, social, cultural and background were collected and anal sized. The findings are as following—
The elderly widows has higher risk of traumatic grief, while the male widowed has higher risk of dying and getting sickness.
In general, the traumatic grief of lost families within half year has higher correlation with the occurrence of getting cancer.
Work helps to maintain the physical health of the bereaved person.
Social support in general attributes to the reduction of the stress and the improvement of the mental hygiene.
Human being express divergent levels of social constructions, implying the necessity of the building of a more flexible atmosphere for bereavement.
Opening communication and the expression of emotions will helps to facilitate the functions of the bereaved families.
The intervention of the therapeutic groups proves to help the bereaved children the most.
Inadequate social support may produce the so-called ”helplessness” or ”overly dependent” bereaved.
Most people still have a higher tendency of avoidance to talk about death, therefore, More related courses are recommended to bring into the school and the community system.
For bereaved aged people, loneliness is the mostly mentioned disturbance.

並列關鍵字

grief guidance