A Preliminary Study of Behavioral Characteristics of Taiwanese Toddlers at Risk for attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

台灣地區注意力缺陷過動症高危險群幼兒行為特徵之初探

趙家琛(Chia-Chen Chao) ； 黃惠玲(Huei-Lin Huang) ； 黃囇莉(Li-Li Huang) ； 楊品珍(Pin-Chen Yang) ； 曾馨誼(Hsing-I Tseng) ； 鍾美勇(Mei-Yung Chung) ； 陳秀玲(Hsiu-Lin Chen)

《臨床心理學刊》 3卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 13-24

https://doi.org/10.6550/ACP.200606_3(1).0002

摘要

目的：探討台灣地區注意力缺陷過動症（attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder，簡稱ADHD）高危險群幼兒的行為特徵。
方法：31位18至36個月大之幼兒及其母親參與本研究。共包含兩組：（一）高危險群組為14位低出生體重幼兒，有情緒調節的困難；（二）低危險群組為17位同齡幼兒（4位低出生體重幼兒，13位足月產幼兒），其情緒調節正常。兩組幼兒在心智與動作發展上均正常。首先以半結構式晤談問卷訪談參與幼兒的母親，訪談過程之錄音內容經謄寫後，由各訪談員獨立抽取相關行為項目，並進行訪談者間項目抽取與項目意義之澄清與信度檢驗的工作。然後由研究者比較兩組的行為項目，並以DSM-IV的ADHD診斷準則與干擾行為評量表題目為參照標定點，將符合參照標定點以及能區辨出高危險群組的項目加以保留，並分為三類行為特徵。
結果：(1)訪談者間一致性係數的範圍為.85~1.00。(2)共抽取出26項ADHD症狀相關行為特徵，這些行為特徵與兒童期的ADHD症狀行為特徵大致相似，但亦發現一些相異之處。
結論：未來研究者欲進一步發展評估幼兒ADHD症狀的量化工具時，本研究結果可以作為參考。未來研究方向亦可以嘗試從本土心理學的概念來探討與ADHD症狀相關之議題，以瞭解社會文化因素的可能影響。

關鍵字

ADHD ； 注意力缺陷過動症 ； 低出生體重 ； 幼兒 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Objective: To investigate the behavioral characteristics of Taiwanese toddlers at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Method: Thirty-one 18- to 36-month-olds and their mothers participated in this study. There were two groups: (1) High-risk group consisted of 14 low birth weight toddlers with emotion dysregulation and (2) low-risk group consisted of 17 same-age toddlers (four low birth weight and 13 full term) with normal development in emotion regulation. Both groups had normal mental and motor development. Their mothers were interviewed and descriptions indicating problematic behaviors of their children were extracted, analyzed, and compared between groups. Using DSM-IV criteria and the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale as anchors, behavioral characteristics that either agreed with the anchors or differentiated high-risk from low-risk group were retained and classified into three categories.
Results: (1) The inter-rater reliability coefficients for extracting behavioral characteristics from interview transcripts fell within the range of .85 to 1.00. (2) Twenty-six behavioral characteristics were identified and they were similar to those of older children with ADHD, while some differences existed.
Conclusion: Future research should develop reliable and valid instruments to collect quantitative data on ADHD toddlers while taking social and cultural factors into consideration.

並列關鍵字

Attention-deficit ； hyperactivity disorder ； Low birth weight ； Toddler ； Taiwan

參考文獻

American Psychiatric Association(2000).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.Washington, DC:Author.

Barkley, R. A.(1997).Defiant children: A clinician's manual for assessment and parent training.New York:Guilford Press.

Barkley, R. A.(1997).Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.Psychological Bulletin.121,65-94.

Barkley, R. A.(1998).Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.New York:Guilford Press.

Barkley, R. A.(2005).ADHD and the nature of selfcontrol.New York:Guilford Press.