比利時的小國外交之研究

A Study on the Diplomacy of Belgian Small State

郭秋慶(Chiu-Ching Kuo)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 3卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 91-109

摘要

在歐洲，國家的大小已經不再直接對國家權力產生衝擊。比利時作爲一個小國，其在國際舞台上卻有著不可忽略的份量。基於德國這個強鄰破壞它的中立政策，比利時戰後對國家的安全與和平強烈的需求，乃加入大西洋同盟，從事集體防衛。經濟上，比利時採取的是開放經濟，以出口貿易爲導向，爭取擴大市場的效益。外交上，它排斥強權政治，重視鄰近國家所能提供的戰略與經濟利益，傾向進入多邊組織。除了北約、聯合國與歐安組織等，尤其是在歐盟當中利用協商、友誼或非強迫性工具，發揮一定的影響力，使它有更大的國際活動空間。再者，比利時政府設有「發展合作總署」，統籌相關的策略、計劃與決策，是世界第6大發展援助國。此外，比利時具雙國家的(bi-national)特徵，其「社群」與「區域」的自治地區亦介入外交事務。台灣得先健全國際法律地位，才有可能以比利時作爲學習對象。

關鍵字

比利時 ； 小國外交 ； 發展合作 ； 中立政策

並列摘要

As a small state, Belgium plays a specific role in world stage. Owing to the strong neighbor of Germany, Belgian neutral policy was destroyed. After World War Ⅱ, Belgium strongly desired security and took part in the Atlantic Alliance. Belgium's economic policy promotes open economy and export trade in order to acquire the interest of economic scale. Belgium's foreign policy focuses on strategic and economic interest offered by its neighbor states. Belgium also joins multilateral organizations, such as NATO, UN and OSCE, so that Belgium can use negotiation, friendship, and uncoercive instruments with its EU partners. Besides, the Directorate-General Development Cooperation developed in Belgium is worthy of notice. The autonomous Belgian ”Community” and ”Region” also have their own foreign affairs.

並列關鍵字

Belgium ； diplomacy of small state ； development cooperation ； neutral policy

參考文獻

Venice Declaration

Baylis, John.(1984).Britain, the Brussels Pact and the Continental Commitment.International Affairs.50(4),615-629.

Law on Belgian International Cooperation

European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)

Belgian Economy