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Notes on Acmella (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Taiwan

台灣菊科金鈕扣屬植物

摘要


第二版台灣植物誌僅記載兩種不具有舌狀花的金鈕扣屬植物,但近年來,許多坊間的野花、草藥圖鑑所刊載及網路上所流傳的「金鈕扣(Acmella paniculata)」的照片均具有舌狀花,與分類文獻所描述的Acmella paniculata出入甚大,此外,數種不同的植物都被鑑定為金鈕扣。根據作者走訪各標本館及與民間草藥界人士交流,證實台灣現有五種金鈕扣屬植物,除了第二版台灣植物誌描述不具有舌狀花的鐵拳頭(Acmella oleracea)、金鈕釦(Acmella paniculata)以及近來報導之新歸化植物沼生金鈕扣之外(Acmella uliginosa),尚有短舌花金鈕扣(Acmella brachyglossa)及天文草(Acmella ciliate)等兩種新近歸化之具有舌狀花的金鈕扣屬植物,其中鐵拳頭栽培為園藝植物或藥用;金鈕扣為原生植物,早年廣泛分布於全島,但近年來主要發現於墾丁及蘭嶼;短舌花金鈕扣見於中南部;天文草現見於中北部;沼生金鈕扣於近年來出現並入侵中北低海拔的潮濕環境。本文提供這五種金鈕扣屬植物染色體細胞學資料以及詳細的形態分類描述、彩色生態照片,並製作檢索表,以利辨識。

並列摘要


In several recent pictorial guides on Taiwanese wildflowers and medicinal plants, color photographs of unknown Acmella species with radiate capitula were erroneously identified as Acmella paniculata or its synonyms, despite this plant's having discoid capitula. As nearly all books attribute medicinal properties to these Acmella, it is imperative to clarify their taxonomy. In this article we document the occurrence of five species of Acmella in Taiwan, two with radiate capitula that were not reported for the flora of this island before, namely: A. brachyglossa and A. ciliata. Detailed description and color photographs and chromosome cytology of all five species of Acmella are provided to aid in identification.

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