「同光魁傑」－沈曾植詩歌探析

Tongguang Prominent Poet-Analysis of Shen Zengzhi's Poetry

陳秀雋(Shiow-June Chen)

《臺中教育大學學報：人文藝術類》 24卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 15-34

https://doi.org/10.7037/JNTUHA.201012.0015

摘要

沈曾植學問淵博精深，反映了清末民初的學術水平，以今天學術成就衡量，其佛學、史地之學，有些已後來居上，而沈氏在文學史的地位，卻不可動搖。詩則自足千古，爲同光體之魁傑。同光體詩人，不墨守盛唐，表現在融合唐宋，沈更擴及晉宋，視野是開闊的。沈曾植的「三元」是「元嘉」、「元和」、「元祐」亦稱「三關」，和陳衍主張的盛唐「開元」有不同。沈曾植詩學謝靈運、韓愈、孟郊、李商隱、黃庭堅諸家，繼承朱彝尊、錢載的秀水派傳統。沈曾植的詩歌風格，生澀奧衍，喜艱澀、薄平易。詩學主張通變，據變以復正。因詩見道，追求雅人深致，認爲雅人深致是詩人第一義諦。詩人有提升社會文化的責任。錢仲聯說：沈曾植的詩「可以藥近人淺薄之病。」蓋合學人、詩人之詩二而一之也。

關鍵字

沈曾植 ； 同光體 ； 三元說 ； 三性說 ； 雅人深致

並列摘要

Shen Zengzhi was erudite, which reflects the academic standard during the late-Qing and early republication period. Based on today's evaluation of academic achievement, some of his Buddhism, history and geography studies have been surpassed by younger generation. However, Shen's status in the history of literature remains irreplaceable. His poems have been spreading through all ages. Shen is regarded as a prominent poet of Tongguang-style. The Tongguang-style poets have had a broad vision as they did not defend the prosperous Tang dynasty but integrated Tang with Song and even extended to Jin-Song dynasty. Shen Zengzhi's ”three dimensions” refers to ”Yuan Chia”, ”Yuan He” and ”Yuan Yu”, which is also known as ”three barriers”. It is different from the ”Kai Yuan” of the prosperous Tang dynasty proposed by Chen Yen. Shen Zengzhi learned poets from Xie Ling Yun, Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Li Shang Yin, Huang Ting Jian and inherited the Xiushui tradition from Zhu Yi Zun and Qian Zai. Further, Shen Zengzhi's poetry style is choppy, difficult and plain yet his poetry stands for accommodating. According to his poems, he believed the refined pleasure of person of poetic temperament is the primary true meaning for the poets. The poets carry out the responsibility of improving social culture. Qian Zhong Lien said: Shen Zengzhi's poems can ”cure people's disease”. His poem is a combination of the poems from the scholars and poets.

並列關鍵字

Shen Zengzhi ； Tongguang-Style ； Three Dimensional Theory ； Three-Nature Theory ； Refined Pleasure of Person of Poetic Temperament