精神科護理人力之現況分析

An Analysis of the Current Manpower Situation in Mental Health Nursing

邊立中(Li-Chung Ping) ； 謝佳容(Chia-Jung Hsieh) ； 周桂如(Kuei-Ru Chou)

《精神衛生護理雜誌》 3卷1期 (2008/10) Pp. 46-51

https://doi.org/10.6847/TJPMHN.200810_3(1).0007

摘要

我國臨床護理人力不足是長期以來的問題。在面對常有逃跑、跌倒、暴力行為及意外事件的精神科病房，足夠的護理人力是必須的，這也是各個護理領域專業團體所注重的問題。本文目的是探討精神科病房護理人力之現況分析，以94年問卷調查結果與94年度及97年公佈之評鑑標準做比較，內容包括急性病房、慢性病房及日間病房之護理人力與病人比，來突顯出精神科臨床護理人力不足之問題；並以精神科護理人力政策面及影響精神衛生護理人力之因素做探討。臨床大部分精神科護理人員離職原因為護理人力不足、工作量多薪資低、工作壓力大身心疲潰、有無力感、專業角色定位不明未受尊重及無提供專業訓練等。其解決及改善策略，包含向主管機關倡導重視護理人力不足、落實督導及追蹤護理人力之問題，並固定每班護理人數與病人之比例、清楚界定護理工作及業務內容、提供抒發與溝通管道舒緩工作壓力、營造良好的工作環境氣氛、加強對新進人員的支持及輔導、學生畢業前應加強職場適應之準備提升抗壓性。本文期盼藉由現況的分析，提出未來實務面與政策發展之參考。

關鍵字

護理人力 ； 精神衛生護理 ； 相關因素

並列摘要

The shortage of nursing professionals is a long-standing problem. It is necessary in mental hospitals to provide sufficient nursing staff to deal with patients at risk of escape, fall, violence and accidents. This is an issue to which professional nursing groups attach much importance.
The purpose of this article is to discuss the current situation concerning nursing manpower in psychiatric wards. It is based on the result of a survey conducted in 2005 and further compared with the accreditation criteria of 2005 and 2008. It compares the ratios of nursing staff to patients in psychiatric acute wards, chronic wards and adult day care wards to stress the extent of the shortage of psychiatric nursing staff, and explores policy matters and factors related to that shortage. Absenteeism in nursing work is mostly due to insufficient manpower, overloading, relatively low incomes, psychological stress, the uncertain and poorly regarded nature of the profession, and lack of advanced training. Further strategies to solve or improve these problems, could include: supporting appropriate ratios of nursing staff to patients, clarifying the content of nursing work, providing methods of communication and stress-release, creating a positive working environment and working atmosphere, and enhancing the coping skills of new staff. The researchers hope that this analysis of the current situation will provide a reference for policy making and clinical practice in the future.

並列關鍵字

manpower ； mental health nursing ； related factors