析論陶淵明〈閑情賦〉

陶淵明現存〈歸去來辭〉、〈感士不遇賦〉、〈閑情賦〉三篇賦作，數量雖然不多，但在辭賦史上卻占有重要的地位。其中〈閑情賦〉是陶淵明作品中頗為特殊的篇章，歷來對其思想內容的解釋和文學價值的認定，看法頗為分歧。蕭統《陶淵明集》題序首先提出「白璧微瑕者，惟在〈閒情〉一賦」的批評，長久以來，否定〈閑情賦〉價值的人多以「卒無諷諫」為口實，對〈閑情賦〉大加撻伐。由於「卒無諷諫」之說，關係到全賦價值的認定，加以〈閑情賦〉在魏晉辭賦閑邪主題的發展上，具有壓卷的重大意義，故仍有探究的必要。為確切掌握〈閑情賦〉的意旨，適當的評估其價值與地位，本文就賦文本身的行文脈絡與寫作背景，以及本文互涉性（intertextuality）的綜合考察，抉發〈閑情賦〉實為陶淵明追求政治理想，防閒仕進之情的宣言。

關鍵字

陶淵明；閑情賦；仕隱；閑邪

並列摘要

There are three existing literary Fu penned by Tao Yuan-Ming at present, including ＂Kuei-Chu-Lai-Tzu＂ (歸去來辭) ＂Kan-Shih-Pu-Yu-Fu＂ (感士不遇賦) and ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦). Although the number of his existing works is small, each work has its own importance in the history of Ci-Fu (辭賦). Among his works, ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦) stands out as the most exceptional because scholarly opinions regarding the explanation of its main thoughts and philosophy, and the determination of its literary value have always diverged. Hsiao Tung’s An Anthology of Tao Yuan-Ming’s works (陶淵明集) first degraded the literary value of ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦). For long, critics who argued about the literary value of ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦) mostly centered on its lack of remonstration and they gave severe criticism against the work. There are two reasons why research on this topic should be conducted. On the one hand, the discussion over Fu’s remonstration has great influence on the determination of Fu’s literary value. On the other hand, ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦) could be regarded as the greatest literary work on the motif of expressing a leisurely and carefree mental attitude. In order to grasp the clear idea of ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦), the author would start by setting out a comprehensive study on its literary context and history background so as to prove that ＂Hsien-Ching-Fu＂ (閑情賦) is actually a literary statement which reveals Tao Yuan-Ming’s pursuit of political ideals and the desire not to be a government official.