真正的弱勢－偏鄉地區原住民族老人之需求探討

貧窮研究向來就是社會學，特別是社會階層化的重要議題，但近年來在社會福利或社會政策較常使用的名詞為社會排除。社會排除重視的是社會結構的影響，認為個人之所以貧窮是因為其所獲得的資源與機會不足。此等說法非常適用於偏遠地區的原住民，因為偏遠地區的基礎建設不足，所能提供的資源和機會的確較其他地區為少。許多居民為了求學和工作紛紛移居到都會區，這也使得留在偏遠地區的人們越來越弱勢，本文關注的是住在偏遠地區的原住民族老人所面臨的多重不利現象。本文的資料主要是來自研究團隊承接2009年花蓮縣社會處委託的《98年花蓮縣老人生活狀況與福利需求調查報告》中部分的資料。研究結果發現偏遠地區的原住民族老人的確不僅較市區漢族老人具有較多造成生活困擾的疾病數，花在看病交通上的平均時間較長，較需要家人的陪伴就醫，本人擁有退休金或終身俸的比例較低，接受政府補助的比例較高，使用過的社會福利項目也較為有限，這些現象也進而使得他們對整體生活品質具有較低主觀的評價。此外，迴歸分析也發現影響偏遠地區原住民族老人的最重要變項即為經濟因素。本文最後也涵蓋政策的建議。

關鍵字

多重不利；原住民族老人；社會排除；偏遠地區

並列摘要

Poverty has always been an important issue in sociology, particularly in social stratification sub field. Recently, the study of poverty has shifted its focus from personal situation to structural deprivation in the resources or opportunity that one has access to. In this paper, we uses partial data from the Report of the Senior Citizen Condition Survey of Hualien County in 2009 to examine social exclusion issues regarding a special target group-Indigenous elderly living in remote areas. The result indicates that this group faces multiple disadvantages due to limited resources and opportunities in remote areas. For instance, their daily lives are affected by having more sickness and spending more time on commute to hospital, they need family member to accompany them to hospital because of language barriers, fewer of them have pension plans whilst more of them receive social welfare services, and they used fewer social service items. These disadvantages further lead to worse subjective wellbeing. The regression analysis identifies that economic factor is the only variable to significantly affect their wellbeing. The paper ends by making policy implications for improving social exclusion issues of this group of people.

並列關鍵字

multiple disadvantages ； Indigenous elderly ； social exclusion ； remote areas

國際替代計量

真正的弱勢－偏鄉地區原住民族老人之需求探討

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