第一孕期噁心嘔吐婦女的健康生活品質及其相關因素

Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Women with Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy During the First Trimester

劉美君(Mei-Chun Liu) ； 周汎澔(Fan‐Hao Chou)

《護理暨健康照護研究》 10卷4期 (2014/12) Pp. 314-322

https://doi.org/10.6225/JNHR.10.4.314

摘要

背景：75-90%的婦女於第一孕期經歷噁心嘔吐的症狀，且這些症狀對孕婦有負向的影響，而孕期健康相關生活品質為照護成效的重要指標，故具此症狀孕婦之健康相關生活品質及其影響因素需被了解。目的：探討第一孕期噁心嘔吐婦女之健康相關生活品質與其相關因素。方法：採橫斷式相關性研究設計、方便取樣；研究工具包含：基本資料調查表、自覺症狀困擾之視覺類比量表、中文版羅氏噁心嘔吐及乾嘔量表、以及孕期噁心嘔吐之健康相關生活品質量表等問卷。自2011年8月至2012年7月期間，在南部某一教學醫院的產科門診，共收集160位第一孕期噁心嘔吐之婦女。結果：研究對象的健康相關生活品質平均得分為121.68（±27.92），屬中等程度；其教育程度、宗教信仰、緩解症狀的資訊與孕期壓力在健康相關生活品質的得分有顯著差異（p＜.05）；而症狀嚴重度、自覺症狀困擾程度、身體質量指數（body mass index, BMI）與健康相關生活品質得分呈顯著相關（p＜.05）。第一孕期噁心嘔吐婦女之健康相關生活品質的重要預測因子，依序為症狀嚴重度、孕期壓力、教育程度、BMI與宗教信仰，可解釋整體生活品質之41.7%的總變異量。結論／實務應用：本研究結果之重要預測因子可提供健康照護專業人員相關的實證資料，作為擬定噁心嘔吐症狀臨床照護指引，以提升懷孕婦女之健康相關生活品質。

關鍵字

健康相關生活品質 ； 孕期噁心嘔吐 ； 第一孕期

並列摘要

Background: It has been estimated that 75-90% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) during the first trimester. These symptoms impact negatively on pregnant women. Healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) during pregnancy is an important indicator on the effectiveness of healthcare. Understanding the HRQOL of women with NVP and associated factors is required to provide high quality healthcare to this population. Purpose: This study explores the relationships between HRQOL and its associated factors in women with NVP during their first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A cross‐sectional and correlational study design with convenience sampling was conducted. The instruments included demographic survey forms, the index of nausea, vomiting, and retching (INVR), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for symptom distress, and the health‐related quality of life for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy scale (NVPQOL). A convenience sample of 160 women who were in their first trimester and were experiencing NVP were recruited from a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan between August 2011 and July 2012. Results: The mean score for NVPQOL was 121.68±27.92 (moderate). Factors that significantly influenced individual HRQOL scores (p ＜ .05) included: level of education, religious status, knowledge regarding symptom relief techniques, and prenatal stress. Scores for severity of NVP, symptom distress, BMI (body mass index), and HRQOL were significantly correlated (p ＜ .05). The severity of NVP, prenatal stress, level of education, BMI, and religious status were identified as important predictors of HRQOL, explaining 41.7% of the total variance in HRQOL. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Results provide evidence of the important predictors of HRQOL in women with NVP. These results may help guide healthcare professionals to design clinical practice guidelines for NVP symptoms and further improve HRQOL in pregnant women.

並列關鍵字

health‐related QOL ； nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ； first trimester

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