不同站姿對籃球滑步防守的影響

Effects of Stances on Basketball Defensive Slides

張耀庭(Yao-Ting Chang) ； 張家豪(Jia-Hao Chang) ； 王宏正(Hung-Jeng Wang)

《華人運動生物力學期刊》 4期 (2011/04) Pp. 1-9

摘要

前言：本研究目的為利用運動生物力學的方法，闡明籃球比賽中，不同防守站姿對於防守滑步的影響。研究中的三種防守站姿為左腳在前、雙腳平行、右腳在前，分別執行向左後方滑步防守與向右後方滑步防守。方法：實驗以VICON三維動作分析系統收集七位大專乙組男子籃球選手之人體運動學資料，並以Kistler測力板擷取動作中的三維地面反作用力資料，所有資料皆採同步收集。資料的統計分析則以無母數統計法來進行。結果：研究結果顯示，右腳在前向左後滑步與左腳在前向右後滑步兩個不需轉身的防守滑步動作，具有較少的滑步時間（901.01 ± 128.78 ms、880.71 ± 126.22 ms, p ＜ .05），較短的重心移動路徑（0.39 ± 0.08 BH、0.38 ± 0.09 BH, p ＜ .05）；而左腳在前向左後滑步與右腳在前向右後滑步兩個大轉身的滑步動作，跨步腳有較大的水平地面反作用力峰值（0.52 ± 0.23 BW、0.66 ± 0.11 BW, p ＜ .05）。結論：研究認為，在面對進攻者運球切入時，採取不需轉身的防守站姿更有利於防守者執行滑步防守。

關鍵字

籃球 ； 防守 ； 滑步 ； 地面反作用力

並列摘要

Purpose: In basketball competitions, successful defenses can stop opponents from offending and then maklle self-team win the game more possibly. The basic defensive step is slide. Good slides help defensive player maintain balance, change direction easy, and move quickly to stop opponent from cutting. The critical factor of good defensive slides is proper defensive stance. Purposes of this study were to clarify effects of defensive stances on starting defensive slides and then to provide coaches with these results in training or competitions. Methods: Six tasks including three defensive stances (left foot in front, two feet parallel and right foot in front) and two conditions (slide to left rear and slide to right rear) were investigated. The three dimensional human kinematic data of seven healthy male right-leg dominate basketball players were collected by Vicon 3D motion capture system. And two force plates were used to collect ground reaction force data on two feet of all subjects. All data were collected synchronously, and non-parametric statistics were used to test difference between stances in this study. Results: The results showed that the least slide cycle time and the shortest path length of center of mass appeared in slides without turning body, i.e., left foot in front-slide to right rear (880.71 ± 126.22 ms, 0.39 ± 0.08 BH) and right foot in front-slide to left rear (901.01 ± 128.78 ms, 0.38 ± 0.09 BH). And there are greater horizontal ground reaction force on stepping foot for slides with greatly tuning, i.e., left foot in front-slide to left rear (0.52 ± 0.23 BW) and right foot in front-slide to right rear (0.66 ± 0.11 BW). Conclusions: Defensive slides without turning body showed less time spending, less path of center of mass, less horizontal ground reaction forces on stepping leg. And defenses can do more successful defensive slides by using defensive stances without turning body.

並列關鍵字

basketball ； defensive slide ； ground reaction force