花蓮縣國小高年級學童健康概念及健康行爲之研究

A Study of the Health Concepts and Health Behaviors among Senior Grade Students of Elementary Schools in Hualien County

紀政安(Cheng-An Chi) ； 陳漢瑛(Han-Ying Chen)

《生命教育與健康促進學術論文研討會論文集》 2010 (2010/05) Pp. 296-315

摘要

本研究旨在探討花蓮縣國小高年級學童（以下稱爲研究對象）健康概念與健康行爲之現況、不同社會人口學變項之研究對象在健康概念、健康行爲上之差異、健康概念與健康行爲間之關係、以及健康行爲之預測變項。本研究以97學年度花蓮縣107所國小高年級學童共8，828人爲母群體，以比率機率抽樣法（probability proportionate to size sampling method，簡稱PPS），抽取花蓮縣9所國民小學共465人，但有學生當天參加社團活動無法參與，故實際發出433份問卷。採問卷調查法，共回收有效問卷413份，有效卷比率爲95.4%。本研究主要發現如下：
一、國小高年級學童之健康概念其多元性且正向。健康概念的四個層面（臨床性、角色功能性、調適性、安寧幸福感）中，以「角色功能性健康概念」分量表得分最高，「臨床性健康概念」分量表得分最低。
二、不同性別之研究對象在健康概念量表總得分上達顯著差異，且女生的健康概念較男生來得正向。而年齡、年級、族群、父母親教育程度、家庭富裕程度及健康訊，恩來源與健康概念量表皆未達顯著差異。
三、國小高年級學童之健康行爲以「物質（菸、酒、檳榔）使用行爲」表現最佳（最正向），其次爲「事故及非事故傷害行爲」、「飲食行爲」，「身體活動與休閒活動參與行爲」的表現較差。表示國小高年級學童在從事規律連動及正向休閒活動的認知及行爲上明顯不足。
四、不同父母親教育程度、家庭富裕程度及健康訊息來源之研究對象在健康行爲量表總得分上皆達顯著差異，且父母親教育程度爲大學以上、中、高等家庭富裕程度、健康訊，患來額爲醫生護士及家人間友者有較正向的健康行爲，不同年齡、性別、年級及族群之研究對象在健康行爲量表總得分上則無顯著差異存在。
五、研究對象的健康概念與健康行爲之間達顯著相關，健康概念得分越高，越有正向的健康行爲（飲食、物質使用、身體活動與休閒活動參與、事故及非事故傷害行爲）。
六、以社會人口學變項與健康概念變項來預測「整體健康行爲」時，可以解釋「整體健康行爲」總變異量14.2%。主要的預測變項經迴歸係數檢定，爲「家庭富裕程度」、「健康訊息來源爲老師」、「安寧幸福感健康概念」，其中文以「家庭富裕程度」最具解釋力。
綜合上述研究結果，本研究並提出幾項建議，供國小健康與體育課程教材發展，學校與衛生行政單位推動相關活動設計、及國內青少年健康資料建立之參考。

關鍵字

健康概念 ； 健康行爲 ； 國小高年級

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the health concepts and health behaviors among senior grade students of elementary school in Hualien County, the difference of health concepts and health behaviors under different demographic factors, the relationship between health concepts and health behaviors, and the predictive factors of health behaviors. The target populations of this study were based on all the senior grade students of elementary school in 97(superscript th) school year of Hualien County. The questionnaire survey was used 433 students from 9 elementary schools in Hualien County were sampled by PPS (probability proportionate to size sampling method) and 413 valid questionnaires were collected. The valid reply rate was 95.4%. The main findings of the study were as follow:
1. The health concepts of the senior grade students of elementary schools were multiple and positive. Among four aspects of the health concepts of the senior grade students of elementary schools, the score of the ”functional/role performance health conception” was the highest, and the ”clinical health conception” was the lowest one.
2. The results showed that female students got higher scores than male ones on ”whole health conception”, ”functional/role performance health conception” and ”eudaimonistic health conception”. Age was significant negatively related to ”clinical health conception”. Fifth grade students got higher scores than sixth ones on ”clinical health conception”. Family affluence was significant positively related to ”whole health conception” & ”eudaimonistic health conception”. However, there were no significant differences on any aspects of health concepts by different race, parents’ education levels and the source of health information.
3. There were lower frequency on eating fast food and using substance of the senior grade students of elementary schools. There were two-third students who could achieve the standard of undertaking physical activities at least 3 days per week for at least half an hour. However, there were lower frequency on drinking milk and eating vegetables but higher frequency on drinking soft drinks of the senior grade students of elementary school. Many students watched television, movies, and videos over 2-3 hours at least 3-4 days per week, and even more than half students didn't wear helmet or protectors while they were cycling.
4 Female students got higher scores than male ones on ”eating behavior” and ”substance use behavior”. Fifth grade students got higher scores than sixth grade ones on ”intentional and unintentional injuries behavior”. Non-aboriginal students got higher scores than aboriginal ones on ”eating behavior”, Family affluence was significant positively related to ”whole health behavior”, ”eating behavior” and ”physical and leisure activities participating behavior”. The students whose parents' education levels were college and graduate got higher scores than junior high school graduate ones on ”whole health behavior”, ”eating behavior” and ”substance use behavior”. The students whose source of health information was from family and friends got higher scores than from teacher ones on ”whole health behavior”.
5. The higher scores the students got in the health conception scales, the higher scores they got in the questionnaire of health behaviors. Health concepts were significant positively related to health behaviors.
6. According to multiple regression analysis, demographic factors and health concepts contributed 15.5% variance to health behaviors.
In conclusion, there were several suggestions on developing teaching materials of physical and health education of elementary school, promoting relative activities on schools and public health governments, and building the data base of the adolescents among Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

health concepts ； health behavior ； senior grade students of elementary school