選擇與組合：從1930年代民間歌謠探索臺灣口頭詩學

Selection and Combination: An Investigation of Taiwanese Poetics by Collection of Ballad in 1930s

陳龍廷

《海翁台語文學》 111期 (2011/03) Pp. 4-29

https://doi.org/10.29919/WTL.201103.0001

摘要

1936年李獻璋編輯《臺灣民間文學集》，可說是一座文學史紀念碑，彰顯了日治時代臺灣人處於殖民統治底下，民間自發覺醒的歌謠收集運動的重要成果。除了珍視這些歷史價值之外，嘗試解讀這些收集成果的內容，可能更需要很大的勇氣與毅力，尤其書面記錄的詞彙與語音之間，所存在的諸多歧異與歧義。臺灣民間歌謠，果如當年《臺灣新民報》採集運動倡導者所言的「民族的詩」，那麼這種以口頭創作為特色的詩學有什麼特質？本論文旨在探討1930年代所收集的臺灣民間歌謠，在研究方法的層面，則受結構語言學的二軸說的啟發甚多，包括現代語言學之父索緒爾所提出的句段關係／聯想關係、在現場的／不在現場的關係，以及雅柯布森所衍伸的選擇／組合關係、相似性／鄰近性的原則，以及修辭學的隱喻／換喻等。從這些語言學的理論觀念出發，筆者將進一步分析歌謠的後設語言，加深我們對歌謠本身的創作性及詩學的語意詮釋延伸的可能，希望藉此可以勾勒出口頭詩學之特點。

關鍵字

歌謠 ； 口頭傳統 ； 詩學

並列摘要

The collection of ballad under the Japanese is a literary monument in 1930s. Surprisingly few studies have so far been made at these documents, probably because it needs great effort and courage to re-examined the collection by cleaning the confusion between different meanings and different sounds.The emphasis of this research paper is on the analysis of the collection of ballad in 1930s. I'm inspired by the method of linguist Ferdinand de Saussure who have had a monumental impact on literary and cultural theory and interpretation, and Roman Jakobson whose development of structural analysis of language, poetry, and art. As Saussure says, everything in the system is based on the relations that can occur between the units in the system. The two most important kinds of relation between units in a signifying system, according Saussure, are syntagmatic relation and associative relation. The focus of this research is to probe into the meaning of the lyrics by examining it from two relations of Saussure, or selection/combination, metaphor/metonymy of Jakobson to understand the possibility of creation and abundantly semantic aspects of this ballad.

並列關鍵字

ballad ； oral tradition ； poetics