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新马华文学的凤凰涅槃重写多元的新马华文学史:从移民到建国,从文言到白话的文学

Myth of a Phoenix Arising from the Ashes: Rewriting a Multi-cultural History of Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese Literature since 15^(th) Century

摘要


郑子瑜在1960年写的〈马华文学的历史应该远溯过去〉曾经指出,新马华文文学应该从明代开始,15世纪初年明朝郑和下西洋之后,马欢的《瀛涯胜览》(1416)费信《星艖胜览》(1436)开始,很多到南洋的华人开始书写本土。到了请代,散文、游记,甚至小说作品大量出现。如写马来亚的,谢清高口述,杨炳南笔记《海录》、李钟珏《新加坡风土记》语言文字艺术皆佳、马建中《南行记》(1881)是经典的古典文学。丘菽园《菽園詩集》(1941)与《啸红诗钞》、1881-1909在新加坡领事馆任职的左秉隆《勤勉堂诗钞》、1891-1894在新加坡出任总领事黄遵宪的《人镜庐诗草》旧诗文都是新马文学的开拓者,在1917五四新文运动前,他们的诗文已经实验浅白的中文写作。其中丘菽园《菽園詩集》(1941),在新加坡终老几十年,成为本地文化领袖。即使潘受(1911-1999)终生为本区华人奉献一生,也没进入我们的文学史。由倫敦傳道會出版的《察世俗每月統記傳》,英国传道士米怜1815年抵达马六甲后,他与华人学者不以作家,每月发表各种体裁的很白话的文章。像这些新出土的资料,加上21世纪多元文化的思维,我们应该海纳百川,重写新马文学史,不以1917年新文学运动影响的文学为开始,让我们有一部更完整与多元的文学史。

並列摘要


Many studies published in the past decades have traced the development of Malayan or Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese literature as one of the world's oldest and richest Chinese literatures outside China from the classical Chinese period in 15^(th) Century through to the present day, discussing a wide range of key authors and works without losing its clarity or verve. Zheng Ziyu mentioned many Chinese writers wrote travelogues and published soon after the Ming Dynasty's Admiral Zheng He commanded the world's mightiest fleet to Malacca many times from 1405 and 1433. Rev.William Milne who joined Malacca's Anglo Chinese College in 1813,and other Chinese writers published Chinese literature in Chinese Monthly Magazine (察世俗每月统计传).Therefore our recent history of Malayan Malayan (Malaysian) and Singaporean Chinese literature should be revised, expanded and updated throughout.

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