邊緣群體的認同－十九世紀以來廣西邊境上的京族社區

The Identity of Marginal Groups: The Ethnic ＂Kinh＂ Community in the Border of Guangxi since the Nineteenth Century

馬木池(Muk-Chi Ma)

《歷史人類學學刊》 12卷1期 (2014/04) Pp. 31-52

摘要

現居於廣西省防城港市京族三島（山心、巫頭和澫尾）上的「京族」居民，據說早於1511年已由越南塗山社漂流到此定居。本文主要利用現存的文獻，結合在田野中所搜集到的資料，嘗試說明京族三島上的居民，在19世紀中葉，因與附近的漢人爭奪地方資源而發生衝突，同時為了防禦海盜、抗衡漢族勢力，團結起來，立柵建寨，建立以「亭」為中心的地方組織；透過在「哈節」祭祖越南阮朝敕封的神靈，建立「國家政治認同」。哈節舉行的日期，選取地方最重要的地方保護神盤王的誕期，顯示此地居民嘗試把「國家政治認同」與「地方文化認同」結合，使哈節成為京族三島最重大的地方祭祀活動。

關鍵字

京族 ； 哈節 ； 亭 ； 邊緣群體

並列摘要

The ethnic Kinh (Jingzu) who now live on the islands of Shanxin Wutou, and Wanwei (Vietnamese Sn Tâm, Vu Dâu, and Van vi), collectively known as the Three Islands (Sandao) under the jurisdiction of Fangcheng City, Guangxi Province, are said to have settled in these places as early as in 1511, when they came by water from Vietnam's Tushan she. This essay draws on extant documentation and materials collected in fieldwork to explain the Kinh response to the mid-nineteenth century conflict with the local Han people over local resources. In this contest the Kinh united for defense against piracy and Han people by organizing popular militias, building defensive fortifications, and founding communal houses (Dinh) that served as the centre for local life. They used the Ha Festival to worship gods that had been patronized by the Nguyen dynasty in order to establish political identification with the state. Among the Kinh, the Ha Festival is held at the same time as sacrifice to Pangu, the most important communal patron god. The displacement of the Pangu festival by the Ha indicates that the residents tried to merge state political identification with their local cultural identity. As a result of this process the Ha festival became the most important festival in the three villages of Shanxin, Wutou, and Wanwei.Ethnic Kinh;Ha Festival;Dinh (Communal house);Marginal group

並列關鍵字

Ethnic Kinh ； Ha Festival ； Dinh (Communal house) ； Marginal group