僧人字輩與寺院繼承－以明清時期寧波府金峨寺為例

Generational Names and Monastic Succession: A Case Study of the Jin'e Monastery in Ningbo in Ming-Qing

葛洲子(Zhouzi GE)

《歷史人類學學刊》 14卷2期 (2016/10) Pp. 47-71

摘要

明代以降，僧人使用字輩的情況漸趨普及。這原本是佛門實現自我規範的一種手段，不過，由於這一時期多重師承關係的存在，僧人實際往往擁有多個宗派或支脈的字輩。當宗派意識重新濃厚、寺院必由本宗或本支繼承時，字輩提示住持人選之宗派及世代的作用便凸現出來。於是寺院住持有選擇地使用相應的字輩以表明入主該寺的合法性，更有甚者為了取得繼席的資格而篡改自身原先的字輩。本文利用寧波《金峨寺志》及相關材料，對此予以揭示。

關鍵字

字輩 ； 宗派 ； 金峨寺 ； 天童寺

並列摘要

Since the Ming Dynasty, generational names, in which one character of the name is shared by monks in a single generation of transmission, became common among Chinese Buddhist monks. The practice served as a tool to make the world of the sangha more uniform and systematic. However, because monks in this period could be disciples of more than one master, a single monk might have different generational names to mark his relationship with different sects or branches. Whenever consciousness of sectarian affiliation was strong, and ensuring that succession to monastic leadership was transmitted through a single sect was a concern, the generational name became an important indicator the selection of the abbot. As a result, abbots might adopt an appropriate generational name to demonstrate the legitimacy of their selection to head a particular abbey. It sometimes came to the point that in order to demonstrate their qualification for succession to a particular position, they altered their previous names. This article uses. The gazetteer of the Jin'e monastery of Ningbo as well as other materials to explore this phenomenon.

並列關鍵字

Generational name ； monastic succession ； Jin'e monastery ； Tiantong monastery