藉由均相金屬觸媒對環酯類單體進行開環聚合反應(ring-opening polymerization)可形成環境友善高分子,其中最具代表性的為聚乳酸交酯。此高分子本身具有三個重要的特性:生物可分解性(biodegradable)、生物相容性(biocompatible)及滲透性(permeable)等優點。所以容易被自然界微生物分解形成二氧化碳與水,為大自然環境之永續發展,將可獲得解決。本文即在介紹以理想均相觸媒的設計理念來合成第13-15族金屬之催化劑,探討觸媒對於乳酸交酯開環聚合反應。除了必須有良好的催化活性之外,具備“控制"的性質也相當重要,例如減少交酯化反應(transesterification)的產生、高分子擁有很狹窄(narrow)之分子量分佈度以及高分子具備立體規則性的排列等。因此,文中將針對可有效催化乳酸交酯開環聚合反應之具單一活性位置的鋁、鎵、銦、錫金屬催化劑做文獻回顧以及未來展望。
Because of their biodegradable, biocompatible, and permeable properties, aliphatic polyesters have received considerable attention. Among these environment-friendly polymers, polylactide (PLA) is the most attractive. A common chemical synthetic route to PLA is the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts. This review covers recent developments on the preparation of polyesters via the ROP of cyclic esters using group 13- 15 metal complexes. Besides good catalytic activity of catalysts, it is also important for the preparation of polyesters with controlled molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and the controllable stereoregularity. Therefore, we focus on the literature reviews and future prospects of single active-site metal catalysts derived from various metal complexes, such as aluminium, gallium, indium and tin complexes that efficiently catalyze lactide polymerization.
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