公僕所為何來？台南市政府文官公共服務動機影響工作努力意願之實證研究

Public Servants Work for What? An empirical study on how civil servants’ public service motivation affects their willingness of work in Tainan City Government

吳宗憲(Chuang-Hsien Wu)

《政策與人力管理》 5卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 81-134

https://doi.org/10.29944/PPM.201406_5(1).0003

摘要

在西方，公共服務動機理論站在公共選擇理論的反面，透過實證的研究成果，雙方已經展開很長時間的辯論，但國內對公共服務動機理論的研究尚屬萌芽階段，本研究為補足國內此領域研究之空白，將在文中處理三項議題：第一，對文官「公共服務動機」研究的相關議題進行引介；第二，透過對台南市政府文官的實證調查，了解文官工作努力意願，是否受「物質誘因」動機、「團隊支持」動機及「公共服務動機」所影響？又哪一項動機對工作努力意願影響較大？第三，了解在不同的動機之間，是否存在「排擠效應」觀點所認為的負向關係？研究結果發現幾項結果：首先，台南市政府文官具有高度的「公共服務動機」；其次，無論「物質誘因」動機、「團隊支持」動機及「公共服務動機」，均對工作努力意願有正面影響；第三，內在誘因動機（「團隊支持」動機及「公共服務動機」）與外在誘因動機（「物質誘因」動機）兩者，並非理論所預期的負向作用，而呈現正向關係；最後，「公共服務動機」或「團隊支持」動機，在影響工作努力意願上，都較「物質誘因」動機為強，並且，若文官同時具有「公共服務動機」或「團隊支持」動機，「物質誘因」的效果便完全消失。

關鍵字

公共服務動機 ； 工作努力意願 ； 排擠效果 ； 擠入效果 ； 公共選擇理論

並列摘要

In the western academia, based on its empirical findings, the public service motivation theory has been in debate with the public choice theory for a long time. However, the study of public service motivation in our academic community is still in the embryonic stage. Aiming at adding to the picture, this article works on three parts. First, the public service motivation theory is introduced. Second, we try to figure out if material incentive, team support, or public service motivation affect Tainan public servant’s willingness of work. Third, we want to identify whether different incentives would crowd out one another and lead to negative effects. Several conclusions were obtained. Firstly, the Tainan city government’s staff shows high ＂public service motivation＂. Second, ＂material incentive motivation＂, ＂team support motivation＂ and ＂public service motivation＂ all have constructive impacts on ＂willingness of work＂. Next, both intrinsic (＂team support motivation＂ and ＂public service motivation＂) and external incentives (＂material incentive motivation＂) have positive instead of negative relationships as the theory indicates. Lastly, ＂public service motivation＂ and ＂team support motivation＂ have stronger effects than ＂material incentive motivation＂ on ＂willingness of work＂. Moreover, if the public servant possesses both ＂team support motivation＂ and ＂public service motivation＂, the effect of ＂material incentive motivation＂ on ＂willingness of work＂ would vanish.

並列關鍵字

Public Service Motivation ； Willingness of Work Effort ； Crowding-out Effect ； Crowding-in Effect ； Public Choice Theory