青少年藥物成癮與暴力行為的相關性

Association between Adolescent Drug Addiction and Violent Behavior

柯政宏(Cheng-Hung Ko) ； 游家權(Chia-Chuan Yu) ； 陳巧雲(Chiao-Yun Chen)

《藥物濫用防治》 2卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 101-141

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.2017.2.2.4

摘要

青少年藥物成癮是世界各國所關心的重大健康與社會治安議題，其因藥物成癮所衍生的犯罪為近年來我國青少年犯罪類型增加幅度最大者，這當中並有相當比例同時犯下殺人、傷害等與暴力行為有關之重罪。本研究欲探討藥物成癮青少年對其攻擊行為的影響，以問卷比較藥物成癮青少年(實驗組)及一般青少年(對照組)在反應-主動攻擊行為問卷及負向情緒調節的差異，及結合腦波儀比較兩組在泰勒攻擊 典範的差異，並藉由操控「輸贏的比例」以及「懲罰的高低」引起具有攻擊行為的實驗情境及情緒反應。由實驗設計的社交脈絡中，來了解藥物成癮青少年與一般少年在調控攻擊行為的抑制控制及情緒歷程上的差異。問卷結果顯示藥物成癮青少年無論反應性攻擊分數、主動性攻擊分數、亦或是攻擊分數總分皆高於對照組，負向情緒調控節分數則低於對照組；泰勒攻擊典範行為結果發現，實驗組首次給予對手的懲罰分數及懲罰的平均分數顯著高皆高於對照組；腦波結果發現實驗組的在決定階段的N2平均振幅皆小於對照組，結果階段的FRN差異波振幅則沒有差異。成癮藥物青少年較一般青少年展現較高的攻擊行為，且此高攻擊行為可能與較差的負向情緒調節能力、不佳的抑制控制有關，使用藥物易將惡化青少年之抑制能力，進而導致其具高攻擊行為。

關鍵字

藥物成癮 ； 暴力行為 ； 抑制控制 ； 青少年 ； N2波 ； 回饋相關負波

並列摘要

Drug addiction is a world-wide source of major concern in terms of effects on health and effects it may have on social security. In addition, adolescent crime related to drug addiction, which can include assault, murder, or other violent behavior, has increased more than other types of juvenile delinquency. Better understanding of the nature of changes in behavior that occur in relation to drug addiction may offer insight into how these problems can be most suitably addressed. In this study, the relationship between drug addiction and aggressive behavior of adolescents was investigated. The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire and Negative Mood Regulation Scale were used to quantify differences between adolescents with drug abuse (experimental group) and normal adolescents (control group). The two groups then performed the Taylor Aggression Task (TAP) while event related potentials were collected. This task involves competing against an opponent on a response-time task (although, unknown to the participant, the opponent is computer controlled) and requires selection of the level of negative feedback (punishment) to give to the opponent on a ‘win’ trial. Manipulation of the proportion of wins and losses and the strength of punishment given by the ‘opponent’ following a loss is used to elicit aggressive behavior and negative emotions. The level of negative feedback chosen by the participant allows these effects to be quantified and any differences between the two groups in terms of inhibitory control and the ability to regulate aggressive behavior can be measured. The results of the questionnaires showed that the reactive scores, the proactive scores, and the reactive proactive scores of the experimental group were all significantly higher than those of the control group. Scores from the negative mood regulation scale were lower for the experimental group than for the control group. The behavioral data from the TAP showed that punishment levels selected for the first trial and the mean punishment scores were significantly higher for the experiment group than for the control group. ERP data showed that the N2 amplitude of the decision phase, indicative of inhibitory control, was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. No differences in the feedback related negativity (FRN) in the result phase were seen. Thus, adolescents with drug addiction showed a higher level of aggressive behavior than the normal adolescents associated with poor inhibitory control and linked to poor negative emotion regulation. This is consistent with a link between drug addiction and a much worse inhibitory capacity in young people, with this potentially leading to highly aggressive behavior.

並列關鍵字

drug addiction ； violent behavior ； inhibitory control ； adolescents ； N2 ； feedback related negativity