社區互動與文化參與新取徑：探萊斯特郡開放博物館的理念與實務

A New Approach to Community Engagement: A Study on the Conception and Practice of Leicestershire's Open Museum

陳佳利(Chia-Li Chen)

《博物館學季刊》 23卷2期 (2009/04) Pp. 21-37+39

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.200904_23(2).0002

摘要

英國博物館教育理念與實作自19世紀中葉發展之初，即強調物件教學與館校合作的重要性。1990年代起，英國工黨政府提倡社會參與平等政策，影響博物館社群而產生許多創新的實踐。其中，於2000年設立的萊斯特郡開放博物館，結合該郡悠久之館外服務資源並配合國家文化政策，仿效蘇格蘭格拉斯哥市開放博物館的理念與模式，打破傳統博物館建築之疆界及館外延伸服務的侷限，達到「博物館就在你厝邊」的目標。英國開放博物館形成的社會背景與理念為何？其如何透過新的思維與實作，來促進社區的互動與參與？本文從英國社會參與平等政策及館校合作發展為背景，探討萊斯特郡開放博物館設立之脈絡與營運模式。萊斯特郡在思考如何服務廣闊的鄉村居民時，並非採取興設地方博物館的方式，而是運用開放博物館資源共享的理念，以資源箱出借、藝術品出租及移動物件展的方式，將既有的社區活動空間靈活運用，並成功地與不同的社區和弱勢團體互動與規劃展覽。或許，這正是臺灣積極發展地方博物館時，可以思考的不同取徑與參考察例。

關鍵字

開放博物館 ； 館外延伸服務 ； 英國博物館教育 ； 社區參與 ； 館校合作

並列摘要

The ideas and the practice of museum education of the United Kingdom initiated in the mid-19th century and emphasized on object-centered learning and museum-school collaboration. In 1990s, the social inclusion policy promoted by the Labour Party has influenced many museums to generate innovative practices. Among them, learning from the Open Museum of Glasgow, Leicestershire founded the Open Museum in 2000 to deal with the policy and to reorganize outreach resources. It successfully overcame the barriers and limits of the traditional museums and their outreach works. By doing so, it made the idea of museums in the neighborhood come true. What are the concepts of the open museum? What innovative practices does it apply to engage communities? Applying the social inclusion policy and following the development of museum education of the U.K as the context, this paper explores the background and practice of Leicestershire's Open Museum in detail. To serve the wider population in the rural area, Leicestershire county council does not establish museums in every community. Instead, it cooperates with minority groups and introduces their projects: resource boxes, artworks, and moving objects which transforms community centers into exhibition spaces. The interesting and creative practice may serve as a model for the rapid development of local museums in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

open museum ； outreach ； museum education of the U.K. ； community engagement ； museum-school collaboration

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