美國羅德島州公立學校教育體系的源起與H. Barnard的教育作為（1800-1849）

The Origin of Public School System of Rhode Island and the Accomplishments of H. Barnard (1800-1849)

彭煥勝(Huan-Sheng Peng)

《教育研究集刊》 55:3期 (2009/09) Pp. 29-65

https://doi.org/10.6910/BER.200909_(55-3).0002

摘要

本文以美國羅德島州為例，觀察其特殊的歷史文化背景對公立學校體系發展的影響，探討美國首次以州公款每年定期補助各地方公立學校教育發展之《免費學校法》（1800年）的源起、挫敗經過。1828年《學校法》再度頒布，奠定州議會教育經費補助地方公立學校教育發展之制度。1843年州政府延攬H. Barnard主持羅德島州的公共教育事務，經過Barnard的努力，開創羅德島首次強迫各地方徵收教育稅，以及解除各鎮自行徵收教育稅上限的規定，在州的教育補助經費、校舍建築與設備、教師素質與成長團體、教育視導制度等方面，皆有顯著的成效，建立起羅德島州的公立學校教育體系。

關鍵字

羅德島 ； 公立學校史 ； H. Barnard

並列摘要

Taking the public school system of Rhode Island as an example, this research examines the influence of Rhode Island's unique history and culture on the development of its public school system. It also examines the origin and setback of Free School Law in 1800, which first enacted periodical subsidies of every local public school. The School Act of 1828 was finally implemented, so that state assembly could found public schools. H. Barnard became the Commissioner of Public Schools in 1843. Under his administration, Rhode Island first mandated local governments to levy a tax on education and removed the upper limits of educational taxes collected by every town. In addition to funds, school buildings and facilities, the quality of teachers and their associating, and the educational supervision system had also developed and made a great deal of progress. The contribution of Barnard to the establishment of Rhode Island's public school system has been marked ever since.

並列關鍵字

Rhode Island ； history of public schools ； H. Barnard

參考文獻

Anonymous(1855).Mr. Barnard's labors in Rhode Island, from 1843-1849.The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education.January,65-80.

Arnold, S. G.(1859).History of the State of Rhode Island and providence plantations.New York:D. Appleton & Company.

Barnard, H.(1856).To Messrs. Allyn, & C...The American Journal of Education.1,734-735.

Barnard, H.(1842).Legal provision respecting the education and employment of children in factories, & C.: With examples of improvement in manufacturing districts.Hartford, CT:Case, Tiffany & Bumham.

Barnard, H.(1849).Report and documents relating to the public schools of Rhode Island for 1848.Providence, RI:General Assembly.