錢謙益《初學集》女性碑傳文的書寫及《詩經》運用探論

The Writing of Women Biographies and the use of Shijing in Qian Qianyi's Chuxue ji

楊晉龍(YANG, Chin-lung)

《新亞學報》 35卷 (2018/08) Pp. 105-154

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201808_35.0003

摘要

此文以錢謙益《初學集》34篇論及37位女性的碑傳文為對象，探討其書寫技巧及運用《詩經》手法與詮釋內容的詩經學意義。經由歸納分析以說明錢謙益缺乏尊重女性獨立存在價值，但對女性處境高度同情與尊崇，肯定女性的持家、教子、守禮，表現出「重德」價值取向的女權觀。同時敘明錢氏徵引《詩經》「套語」的單純借用、稱引《詩經》原文和截取文句等三種運用《詩經》的方式。最後分析錢氏《詩經》詮釋內容傳達的詩經學意義，以證明朱熹《詩集傳》不再獨霸，《毛詩正義》逐漸興起的事實。研究成果有助於了解錢謙益女性碑傳文的敘事手法和運用《詩經》的實情及明末詩經學發展狀況。對錢氏相關研究、女性傳記學及詩經學研究等，或當有部分的幫助焉。

關鍵字

錢謙益 ； 詩經學 ； 碑傳文 ； 女權觀

並列摘要

This article focuses on 34 essays and 37 biographies on women figures composed for inscription on burial tablets in Qian Qianyi's Chuxue ji by way of investigating Qian's writing techniques and the significance of his use of Shijing and his interpretation of the content of this classic in his writings. The article finds that while Qian fails to acknowledge the independence of women as something to be valued in and of itself, he holds them in high esteem and harbors great sympathy for their situation, expressing a morality-oriented view of women's rights that affirms their role in managing the household, educating the young and upholding the rites. The article also elaborates on the three different uses of Shijing in his writing, and finally analyzes Qian's annotations of Shijing as a way of propagating the teaching of the classic, showing thereby that Maoshi zhengyi was on the rise while Zhu Xi's Shi jizhuan was on the decline during this period. The findings of the article will be useful for the understanding of the narrative techniques of Qian's women biographies, his practice of using Shijing in his writings and the development of Shijing studies in late Ming. It might also be of help to related fields of study of Qian, women biography and Shijing.

並列關鍵字

Qian Qianyi ； Shijing studies ； Biographies for burial inscriptions ； Women's rights