金文泰治港時期的政學商互動及其對五四新潮的排拒

與中國內地各大城市不同的是，1919年的香港並沒有因為受到五四運動的衝擊而接受新思潮洗禮。在很長的一段時間裏，香港都是一個相對保守的社會，五四風潮一直以來很難在港廣泛播散。究其成因，跟長期在香港工作、並於1925年正式出任香港總督的金文泰——及其與晚清遺老、華人紳商三方面共同維繫的文化保守勢力有一定關係。這一保守勢力進深而言是金文泰建立政府管治威信、合法性的重要憑藉。面對中國國內衝擊舊社會秩序、舊風俗習慣的五四思潮或浸然興起的布爾什維克思想，在港紳商、前清遺老的保守性便與金文泰致力維護殖民地社會管治的「殖民性」（coloniality）一拍即合；一種自覺防範國內新思潮擴散的地方意識也因此於焉叢生。本文嘗試梳釐金文泰殖民政權管治有效性背後與在港華人代表的互動過程與方法運用，了解上層華人對於殖民政權與洋總督產生向心力的過程。相關論述，有助於釐清五四風潮在1919年5、6月間波及香港後，未能在香港社會繼續播散的背後深層社會文化成因。

關鍵字

五四運動；香港；金文泰；省港大罷工；華人紳商；官商學結合

並列摘要

Unlike many cities in China, Hong Kong was not directly affected by both the May Fourth student protests and the May Fourth New Culture Movement. Far from the centers of action, the life of Hong Kong residents remained the same throughout the 1920s as if anti-imperialist nationalism and totalistic anti-traditionalism never existed. This article examines the reasons for this disconnect between Hong Kong and the rest of China. We argue that the disconnect was partly due to the collaborative colonialism of Governor Cecil Clementi who ruled Hong Kong from 1925 to 1930. The center-piece of Clementi's collaborative colonialism was his ability to ally with two groups of Chinese elites-the Qing loyalists who supported classical learning to glorify the defunct imperial system, and the Chinese businessmen who saw social stability as a prerequisite for economic growth. This nexus of power anchored by three stakeholders-the colonists, the scholars, the merchants-supported the legitimacy of a colonial rule which was efficient, effective, and above all, responsive to the changing needs of a tumultuous time.