漢譯《雜阿含》偈頌特色之研究

A Study of the Features of the Gāthās in Chinese Saṃyukta Āgama

屈大成(WUT , Tai-shing)

《新亞學報》 36卷 (2019/08) Pp. 49-76

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201908_36.0002

摘要

「四阿含」在中土向被視為小乘佛經，備受忽視，至近世得到重新認識，尤其是《雜阿含》，被視為最早期的佛經之一，為研究印度原始佛教的重要文獻；而《雜阿含》有別於其他「三阿含」者，乃包含近千首偈。先前的研究，多就全體佛典的偈作概括性考察，少針對個別佛典的偈頌。本文根據《雜阿含》五十一「相應」各各不同的主題和內容，把其偈分為重宣、闡述、問答、讚歎、收伏、說法、借鑑、警策、感悟、解困、引發、測試、布施、喪葬、咒術、敘事等十六類，舉例說明，揭示偈頌在《雜阿含》的特色和獨特功能，並從中管窺《雜阿含》的編纂方針，期望加深對初期印度佛典的認識。

關鍵字

《雜阿含》 ； 原始佛教 ； 偈 ； 佛典結集 ； 釋印順

並列摘要

The four Āgama have long been regarded as canons of Hīnayāna Buddhism in China and, for that reason, neglected in scholarly circles. Recenly, however, they began to receive attention, especially the Saṃyukta Āgama, which is now regarded as one of the earliest Buddhist canons and is of vital importance to the study of early Buddhism in India. What makes Saṃyukta Āgama different from other three Āgamas is that it consists of thousands of gāthās. Studies in the past by and large turned their attention on the overview of gāthās found in sutras, and it is very rare for researchers to focus on the gāthās in one particular text. Based on the fifty-one ＂saṃyuktas＂ on various topics in Saṃyukta Āgama, this essay divides the gāthās into sixteen categories, including recapitulating sermons, exposition, question and answer, praise, conquest, preaching, reference, vigilance, realization, removing doubts, initiation, tests and trials, offering alms, funeral, incantation and narration. Examples are given to reveal their special features and functions , as well as to investigate the principles behind the compilation of the canon, with the hope of deepening the understanding of the early Buddhist canons in India.

並列關鍵字

Saṃyukta Āgama ； early Buddhism ； gāthā ； compilation of Buddhist canons ； Shih Yin-shun

參考文獻

〈後秦〉竺佛念譯，《增壹阿含經》，收入《大正新修大藏經》，卷 2，臺北：新文豐出版公司，1983 年翻印。

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