星雲模式「人間佛教」回應「全球化」時代關聯性之問題論述

Master Hsing Yun Model of ＂Humanistic Buddhism＂: A Response to the Age of ＂Globalization＂ and its Related Problems

釋覺明(Chue Ming)

《人間佛教研究》 7期 (2016/12) Pp. 285-323

摘要

「人間佛教」應是1920年代以後漢傳佛教的現代化運動的現象和發展成果。從太虛、印順到星雲的主張、學說與實踐，已然成為漢傳佛教演進的一股重要趨勢。人間佛教是近現代中國佛教在歷經一世紀之久，由華人世界向國際佛教圈，所展現出21世紀佛教最輝煌的成果。星雲大師（本文以下簡稱「星雲」）直接點出21世紀就是人間佛教的世紀。然，研究人間佛教之來龍去脈、學說理念、實踐內容，問題複雜，是近三十年來，東西方學術圈持續關注與研究的重要議題。當中，具體討論到國民政府播遷來台後，對台灣人間佛教有具體討論的著作，如：闞正宗，〈近五十年台灣佛教的發展〉（1999）、〈「人間佛教」的區域性格與國際化趨勢〉（2003）；楊惠南，〈解嚴後台灣新興佛教的現象與特質—以「人間佛教」為中心的一個考察〉（2002）；江燦騰，〈解嚴以來當代台灣本土人間佛教思想的行成及其社會實踐的不同路線之爭〉（2011）等。筆者將以星雲在〈佛教對全球問題的概觀〉（2006），提出的佛教對全球問題的觀點立場，試圖討論在「全球化」時代，面對衍生的「反全球化」之關聯性問題，人間佛教理論學說與實踐之道，是否可以成為全球治理之道。本文從三個問題層次展開，首先是綜述全球化時代的問題討論。其次，闡述星雲模式人間佛教的基本理念。最後展開「星雲模式」人間佛教回應「全球化」時代關聯性之問題討論。因此，筆者提出三個觀點，成為探討核心。第一、全球化與本土化；第二、人類心靈的價值重建；第三、人間佛教的全球宗教觀。以下將逐一展開討論之。

關鍵字

星雲大師 ； 星雲模式 ； 人間佛教 ； 全球化 ； 全球現代化

並列摘要

Humanistic Buddhism is the byproduct of the modernization movement of Chinese Buddhism during 1920's. Since then, the ＂Buddhist theory and practice＂ advocated by Master Tai-xu, later Master Yin-Shun (hereafter Yin Shun) and Master Hsing Yun (here after Hsing Yun), became an important trend in the development of Humanistic Buddhism. Humanistic Buddhism has existed for around one hundred years in modern China, and represents the most brilliant result of Chinese Buddhism to the world. Hsing Yun mentions that the 21st century is the century of Humanistic Buddhism. However, the study of Humanistic Buddhism, its theoretical concept, practices, etc. is complicated one. Due to the significance and complexity of the issue, in recently 30 years, it has been considered an important topic by scholars. Here, the writer attempts to discuss ＂Globalization＂ from Hsing Yun's (2006) viewpoint regarding Buddhism towards global problems. To the issues of ＂globalization＂ and ＂anti-globalization＂, can the doctrine and practice of Humanistic Buddhism become the way of global governance? This paper explores three fundamental questions. First, it reviews various discussions on globalization. And then it elaborates the fundamental concept of Humanistic Buddhism according to Hsing Yun's model. Finally, it explains responses towards ＂Globalization＂ age and related problems from perspective of ＂Hsing Yun Model＂ of Humanistic Buddhism. This essay focuses on three core points. One, globalization and localization. Two, re-establishing the value of human's spirit. And third, global perspective of Humanistic Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Master Hsing Yun ； Hsing Yun's Pattern ； Humanistic Buddhism ； Globalization ； Global Modernization