美國毒品法庭計畫與我國附命完成戒癮治療緩起訴處分之比較

A Comparative Study on the Intervention between the Drug Courts Plans in the United States and Deferred Prosecution with Condition to Complete the Addition Treatment in Taiwan

楊冀華(Chi-Hwa Yang)

《矯政期刊》 8卷2期 (2019/05) Pp. 44-66

https://doi.org/10.6905/JC.201905_8(2).0002

摘要

我國附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴處分制度設計本意在於體現毒品施用者為「病犯」之本質，惟實務上撤銷緩起訴處分比例過高，導致成效難以彰顯。本研究蒐集相關著作、期刊論文等，以歷史／比較分析法（historical/comparative research），從程序與效能2面向切入，比較兩者在監督主體、處遇對象、程序設計、處遇內容、法律效果與實施成效之差異，檢討將毒品法庭計畫優點納入我國法制之可行性。研究結果認為，針對當前附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴處分之缺失，似可仿效美國毒品法庭計畫，提供協助就業、教育訓練、家庭扶助等多元社會服務，並修正毒品危害防制條例，賦予檢察官增加被告驗尿頻率、強制住院解毒、額外增加觀護報到次數、延長緩起訴處分期間等手段。適度擷取美國毒品法庭計畫之優點，賡續發展本土特色之處遇內容，結合司法、醫療與社區之職能，發揮處遇效益。

關鍵字

毒品法庭 ； 戒癮治療 ； 緩起訴處分

並列摘要

The deferred prosecution with condition to complete the addition treatment is designed to realize the essence of that the drug users are patients; however, the ratio to withdraw the deferred prosecution is too high; as a result, it is difficult to see the effect of this intervention. The present study collects related books and journal articles, employing historical analysis/comparative analysis approaches to compare the difference on supervised subjects, treated clients, procedure design, treatment contents, legal effect and effectiveness of implementation between two systems. The comparison is done with two dimensions - procedures and effectiveness. It also considers the feasibility to include the advantages of drug court plans into our current treatment plan for drug users. The present study indicates that advantages of US drug court plans - help drug users to be employment, education training, family assistance and other multiple social service - could make up the current disadvantages of the deferred prosecution with condition to complete addition treatment. Meanwhile, it is necessary to modify Narcotics Hazard Prevention Acts, giving prosecutors more power to increase the frequency for urine test of the drug users, compulsory hospitalization to receive the detoxification, increase the addition time to report to the probation officers, extend the period for deferred prosecution. Proper adoption of the advantages of US drug court plans to develop Taiwan's specific treatment content. It is expected that combining legal, medical and social works to gain the best treatment effectiveness.

並列關鍵字

drug court ； addiction treatment ； deferred prosecution intervention