跨國佛教組織的在地發展：以馬來西亞佛光山為例

The Transnational Development of Buddhist Organization in Local Society: A Case of Fo Guang Shan, Malaysia

官遠程(Guan, Yuan-Cheng) ； 黃文斌(Wong, Wun-Bin)

《佛光人文學報》 5期 (2022/01) Pp. 203+205-235

摘要

現代漢傳佛教組織的跨國發展，以臺灣地區的佛光山、慈濟、法鼓山等為代表，而佛光山是最早實現跨國傳播與發展的臺灣佛教組織。從馬來西亞佛光山的案例可以論證「在地社會的參與」是佛光山實現跨國發展，以及落實本土化發展的關鍵要素之一。馬來西亞佛光山是臺灣佛光山在海外發展的眾多組織中頗具代表性的組織之一；從其創立至發展成規模，無不得力於「在地社會的參與」。從在地佛教界人士於1950年代協助流通星雲大師的著作開始，到臺灣佛光山培養在地佛教青年人才，再到星雲大師多次受馬來西亞在地佛教界邀請前來弘法，這些皆是促進佛光山於1989年正式在馬來西亞建起道場的助緣。此外，臺灣佛光山也在該地的社會人才協助下，於1992年成立了國際佛光會馬來西亞協會，並且落實馬來西亞佛光山本土化發展，成為頗具規模及代表性的佛教組織。佛光山在馬來西亞的建立與發展，體現出了一個因在地社會人士的參與而實現跨國及本土化發展的成功個案，可為現代宗教組織的跨國發展提供參考。

關鍵字

在地社會 ； 跨國發展 ； 佛光山 ； 馬來西亞

並列摘要

The transnational development of modern Chinese Buddhist organizations is represented by Fo Guang Shan, Tzu Chi, and Dharma Drum Mountain in Taiwan, and Fo Guang Shan is the earliest Taiwanese Buddhist organization to realize the development of transnational communication. From the case of Fo Guang Shan in Malaysia, it can be proved that ＂participation in the local society＂ is one of the key elements for Fo Guang Shan to achieve transnational development and to implement the localization. Fo Guang Shan, Malaysia (FGSM) is one of the significant organizations of Fo Guang Shan's overseas development. From FGSM establishment to development, it has nothing to do without the participation of local society. From the local Buddhist community who assisted in the circulation of Master Hsing Yun's works in the 1950s, to the training of young local Buddhist talents at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan, to the time when Hsing Yun was invited by the local Buddhist community in Malaysia, all of these are to promote the Fo Guang Shan formally established a temple in Malaysia in 1989. In addition, Fo Guang Shan also established the Buddha's Light International Association (BLIA) of Malaysia in 1992 with the assistance of the local social talents, and implemented the localized development of FGSM becoming a fairly large-scale and representative Buddhist organization. The establishment and development of FGSM embodies a successful case of transnational and localized development due to the participation of local people, which can provide a reference for the transnational development of modern religious organizations.

並列關鍵字

local society ； transnational development ； Fo Guang Shan ； Malaysia