產業群聚對中國汽車製造業經營績效之影響

The Impact of Industry Clusters on the Performance of China's Automobile Manufacturing Industry

蔡侑呈(Yu-Chen Tsai)

指導教授 ： 唐代彪

共同指導教授 ： 鄧志松

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.10051

摘要

本文利用空間分析方法探討產業群聚對中國汽車製造業經營績效之影響，研究對象為2007年中國五項汽車相關產業，共8,356間廠商。藉由空間分析軟體計算相關變數，加入空間影響因素，藉由控制住廠商內外部因素後，能了解群聚效應對經營績效的實質影響。
實證結果得知，中國汽車製造業群聚最適當形成距離為250KM，250KM聚集圈、聚集程度與聚集規模分別對經營績效有正向影響，代表中國汽車製造業能有效發揮群聚效應。但同時控制住這三項解釋變數，250KM聚集圈依然是正向影響，聚集程度與聚集規模對經營績效反而有負向影響，越密集或是規模越大之聚集圈不一定特別有優勢。
此外，本文也發現廠商內部因素的整車製造、中外合營企業與資本勞動比都能有效提高經營績效，資產總額則否；廠商外部因素的人均GDP、重點大學距離與鐵路距離皆會影響到經營績效。

關鍵字

汽車產業 ； 空間分析 ； 產業群聚 ； 經營績效

並列摘要

In this paper, the spatial analysis method was used to explore the impact of industry cluster on operating performance of China's automobile manufacturing industry.The subjects were 8,356 companies in China’s automobile-related industries in 2007.After the related variables were calculated by a spatial analysis software, space factors were added and companies’ internal and external factors were controlled, the real impact of the cluster effect on business performance can be realized.
Empirical results show that for China's automobile industry, the most appropriate distance of forming cluster is 250KM so that the circle, degree and scale of the 250KM gathering respectively have a positive impact on business performance, representing that China's automobile manufacturing industry can play an effective critical mass on cluster.However, meanwhile, under controlling the three explanatory variables, the 250KM gathering circle is still the positive effect whereas the gathering degree and scale is the negative effect on business performance.It is not necessary for the gathering circle which is more intensive or larger to have particular advantages.
In addition, the paper also found that in companies’ internal factors, the whole-vehicle manufacturing, Sino-foreign joint ventures and the capital-labor ratio can effectively improve operational performance whereas total assets are incapable of that.Also, in companies’ external factors, per capita GDP and the distance of major universities and railway would affect business performance.

並列關鍵字

Spatial analysis ； Automotive industry ； Industry cluster ； Operating performance

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