- 學位論文
關於外來語動詞化現象的考察
A Study on the Verbalization of Loanword Nouns in Japanese
摘要
日文中的外來語多以名詞的形式自外文借入，而其中部份的外來語在以名詞的形式借入之後，隨著時間經過產生了動詞形式的用法。然而，外來語的使用情況變化迅速，這類外來語的使用實態，也和字典等文獻中的記述有著很大的出入。 本研究為探討此類發生「動詞化」現象之外來語的使用實態，從「現代日語書面語均衡語料庫（BCCWJ）」中抽出發生動詞化現象的外來語，並且從「與原文品詞的關連性」、「語義」、「使用場合」三個方向進行考察。 考察結果顯示，（一）約有四成的外來語發生動詞化，卻與字典的品詞記述有所出入，顯示日文外來語的動詞化現象極為頻繁。（二）外來語動詞化的原因，不一定與原文品詞有直接關連，需一併考慮該外來語的語義。（三）發生動詞化現象的外來語中，擁有類義表現的外來語僅佔三成，其餘七成於日文中沒有類義表現，為新的事物及概念。（四）語義屬於「精神以及行為」類別的外來語，較容易發生動詞化現象。（五）就使用場合而言，發生動詞化現象的外來語之中，約有四成的外來語能於複數的場合中使用。（六）「IT相關用語」及「政治經濟」使用場合類別，有較多的外來語發生動詞化現象，然而兩者發生動詞化現象的原因卻不盡相同。
並列摘要
In the Japanese language, most foreign words are borrowed in the form of nouns, and have then developed unique usage in verbal forms. However, the actual usage of Japanese Loanwords developed rapidly, and has then differed significantly with their descriptions from dictionaries and documents. This research investigated the practice use of Japanese Loanwords being 'verbalized', Based on the foreign words with verbalization occurrence from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ). The subject is researched through three directions: “The relative link with its original context and word”, “Sematic Categories”, and “Use Situation”. According to the investigation results, we have the following conclusion: 1. Approximately 40 percent of foreign words occurred verbalization, yet had different meaning compared to their respective description from the dictionary. This indicated that the verbalization of Japanese Loanwords is extremely frequent. 2. The cause of the verbalization did not necessary have direct connection with its original context; its semantic should be taken into consideration as a whole. 3. Amongst the verbalized foreign words, only 30 percent displayed semantic-like expressions. Whereas the remaining 70 percent display no semantic-like expressions in the Japanese language and represented new meanings and concepts 4. Semantic categories that belonged in the ‘spiritual and behavioral' section appeared to be verbalized more frequent. 5. In regards of usage situations, around 40 percent of verbalized foreign words can be used in multiple situations. 6. “IT related words” and “politics and economics” had more verbalization occurrences. However the reasons of verbalization occurrences differed in each word.