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  • 學位論文

氣候變遷下綠屋頂與地表滯留措施之洪水風險評估

The Flood Risk Assessment of Green Roofs and Surface Retention for Climate Change

指導教授 : 許銘熙

摘要


近年來經濟發展快速,都市人口聚集,尤以台北地區為都市化程度之最。市區內人口密集,建築物林立,滲透面積大幅下降,導致地表逕流增加。僅以都市雨水下水道系統、河道疏濬、興築堤防等工程方法已難以因應,往往因為都市洪水宣洩不及,危害人民生命財產,對社會、經濟的衝擊亦隨之提高。每當颱風或暴雨事件發生時,即造成低窪地區淹水氾濫,都市洪災危及人民傷亡,致使嚴重的財產損失。因此減災調適的風險評估就顯得重要,可用以規劃防災策略並推動政策修改,提出合理的資源調配,以降低災害所造成的衝擊。 危險度(Hazard)與脆弱度(Vulnerability)為風險度(Risk)之主要影響因子,當其中一因子降低時,風險程度也將隨著降低,若能同時將兩者有效地降低,更能減少都市區域之風險。本研究主要探討因應氣候變遷條件下之調適策略,經由施作綠屋頂及設置滯洪池,延緩暴雨逕流發生的時間與調節洪峰流量,並透過實驗數據探討綠屋頂施作的保水情況,討論滯洪池設施所能暫時調節之雨量,以減低位於淹水範圍內之危險度,並以風險矩陣方式繪製風險地圖,呈現綜合調適後的減災效果。 本研究以台北市中央區為模擬區域,研究以現況脆弱度條件為基準,推估社會脆弱度至2039年,利用氣候變遷專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)提出之A1B模擬結果,作為未來氣候變遷下降雨量之依據,以ArcGIS繪製社會脆弱度地圖,同時應用暴雨管理系統(Storm Water Management Model,SWMM)與二維淹水模式,模擬綜合調適前後的淹水情形,輸入模擬數值到ArcGIS,呈現重現期10年、25年、100年、200年之綜合調適前後的淹水潛勢圖、危險地圖,結合社會脆弱度與危險度製作台北市中央區各村里之風險地圖,並探討區域中的風險變化。

並列摘要


Population growth and urban development, especially the land use change, put pressure on urban drainage water infrastructure. As a result, the severe flooding events happened in the recent years. The traditional structural measures, like increasing storm sewer systems, river dredging, and dike construction are difficult to reconstruct in the existed urban area, especially in Taipei city. Urban floods endanger the people of casualties and causing serious property losses.Therefore, the other flood measure using adaptation strategies of risk assessment in urban area is a significant problem to be study.In this way, a series of alternative plans were studied and compared by the flood risk assessment to get suitable prevention and adaptation in order to reduce the impact of disasters. Hazard and vulnerability are two major factors affecting the risk analysis. The inundation depth in urban area is calculated under the consideration of adaptation strategy and climate change for hazard assessment. The adaptation for hazard is green roofs and detention ponds installation in the study. The adaptation is to reduce the peak discharge and delay time occurring storm water runoff. The hydraulic experiments of the water storage of green roofs with varies soil types are conducted. The numerical inundation model is employed to calculate water depth in cases of the adaptation and climate change. The risk map which is drawn by risk matrix from the hazard potential and social vulnerability is used to show the effect of the adaptation and mitigation for the global change. The center Taipei city is chosen as the study area. The vulnerability under present conditions and the estimation of the social vulnerability in 2039 are carried out in this study. The A1B scenario of rainfall for climate change by Intergovernmental Panel Change is simulated. The Storm Water Management Model and the Two-dimensional Inundation Model are employed to calculate the flooding situation. The return period of 10, 25, 100 and 200-year hazard maps and risk maps are investigated for the center Taipei city.

參考文獻


邱建勛,2011,建蔽率對都市淹水影響之模擬,國立臺灣大學生物環境系統工程學研究所碩士論文。
邱靜怡,2012,綠屋頂能量與水文模式發展及本土化參數之研究,國立臺灣大學生物環境系統工程學研究所碩士論文。
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張仁豪,2011,全球暖化對臺灣極端降雨量影響之評估,國立臺灣大學生物環境系統工程學研究所學位論文。
台北市政府民政局網站,http://www.ca.taipei.gov.tw/。

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