建築醫學之概念與應用機制研究

The Concept and Implements for Building Medicine

張智元(Chih-Yuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 黃世孟

共同指導教授 ： 郭斯傑

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00340

摘要

國內建築物已逐漸步入高齡化階段，近年來因建築物使用與維護管理不當，導致民眾傷亡的事件層出不窮，但公部門迄今仍缺乏完整而統一之檢查維護與法令管理機制。在預防勝於治療、事前治療勝於事後救災的前提下，有關建築物健康檢查、治療與延壽的專業維護管理(Professional Maintenance Management；PMM)重要性已與日俱增。

本研究提出全新的類人化『建築醫學(Building Medicine)』管理論點，以思考如何類比醫學上的相關機制，來設計更具『醫學級』的專業維護管理，經彙整現階段公部門的使用維護管理機制後，透過日本政府與民間健診維護產業的實地調查及專訪、次級資料分析、專家訪談、文獻回顧等研究方式，已分析建構出類醫學的『BHC建築物健診機制(Building Health Check)』，並透過類比醫學病歷的設計模式，採用人體醫學上以問題為導向的病歷紀錄法POMR (Problem Oriented Medical Record)來設計『BMR建築物病歷表(Building Medical Records)』。最後再以檢傷分類(Triage)的醫學概念，設計BT建築物檢傷分類方法(Building Triage)，進而針對台灣地區全部的60所公立大學院校，藉由問卷調查與層級程序分析法AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)，分析出影響建築物維護序位的14個量測因子，延續設計建構出『MPB維護序位指標 (Maintenance Priority Benchmark)』。經由上述三個的類醫學機制的設計與演練，來驗證建築醫學論點的可行性。

BHC建築物健診機制、BMR建築物病歷表與MPB維護序位指標三大類的機制設計，屬於物業管理跨足醫學與公共衛生的跨領域整合研究。從學術角度而論，主要目的是希望讓醫學領域的健康管理模式，成為日後物業健康管理研究的理論參考。從實務的角度而言，BHC健診機制的設計主要希望能透過法令與現有管理體制的檢討，擴大建築物強制檢查與維護的範圍，並建議政府未來可思考委由物業管理機構，代理政府監督與管理公共或私有建物之安全與衛生之檢查、申報與維護管理的作業。

關鍵字

建築醫學 ； 專業維護管理 ； 建築醫生 ； 物業管理 ； 診斷 ； 建築物健診 ； 病歷表 ； 優先序位

並列摘要

Buildings in Taiwan have gradually aged. Moreover, recently, improper use and management have resulted in numerous incidents, causing deaths and injuries. However, the government hasn’t yet to form a comprehensive and unified mechanism for building inspection, maintenance, regulation and management. As prevention precedes remedy, the importance of Professional Maintenance Management (PMM) for building health check, repair and life prolongation is getting emphasized.
The concept of Building Medicine, first proposed by this research, practices medical analogy to develop professional maintenance management on buildings. This research surveys present maintenance and management mechanism of public buildings, and implements field survey in health check industry in Japan. Secondary data analysis, expert interview, and literature review are also adopted as methodologies. Then, the research presents a Building Health Check (BHC) mechanism deriving from the concept of building medicine. A Building Medical Records (BMR) is developed based on the design of human medical records and the method of problem-oriented medical record (POMR). The idea of Building Triage is established from the triage in medical science. Finally, by investigating sixty national universities in Taiwan with questionnaire survey and Analytic Hierarchy (AHP) process, fourteen evaluation criteria affecting building maintenance priority are formulated as a Maintenance Priority Benchmark (MPB) for school buildings. Three mechanisms of Building Medicine, analogy to medical science, can be evaluated as feasible concept.
The three mechanisms, BHC, BMR and MPB, are interdisciplinary researches which combine the areas of property management, medicine and public hygiene. Academically, the main purpose of this research is to apply health management of human medicine in property management and to be a reference for further study. Practically, with regulations and mechanisms reviewing and BHC mechanism presenting, it is hoped that as a result, the range of compulsory inspection and maintenance of buildings can be extended. Furthermore, it suggests that the government should delegate professional property management companies to supervise and direct the inspection, declaration, and safety and hygiene maintenance of public or private buildings.

並列關鍵字

Building Medicine ； Professional Maintenance Management ； Building Doctor ； Property Management ； Diagnosis ； Building Health Check ； Medical Records ； Priority

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