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  • 學位論文

侵台熱帶氣旋之長期特徵

The Long Term Features of Tropical Cyclones Affecting Taiwan

指導教授 : 李清勝

摘要


本研究之目的在分析侵台熱帶氣旋之長期變異,探討與其相關之大尺度環境特徵,以增加對侵台熱帶氣旋氣候特性之瞭解。 本研究使用 1970-2013年資料,將接近或影響台灣(位於118°-125°E, 20°-27°N)之熱帶氣旋定義為侵台熱帶氣旋,並利用小波分析探討其數量之多重時間尺度變異。結果顯示,侵台熱帶氣旋數量變化以3-5 年的年際變異與10-13年的年代際變異最為顯著。為了解此兩種變異下之大尺度環境特徵,本研究以經驗正交函數分析經濾波之500 hPa環境場;結果顯示,影響侵台熱帶氣旋之年際變異的主因是500 hPa經、緯向風場,即熱帶氣旋路徑受中層平均大尺度流場主導。年代際變異則主要是500 hPa緯向風場與高度場影響,且其作用主要是造成熱帶氣旋形成位置之改變,進而影響侵台熱帶氣旋之數量。另一方面,為瞭解大尺度平均流場與綜觀環境之關係,本研究分別對年際尺度與年代際尺度中、具侵台潛勢之熱帶氣旋的850 hPa流場進行群落分析。年際和年代際尺度之分類結果皆顯示,中低層之綜觀駛流為影響熱帶氣旋是否侵台之主要因素;而在年代際尺度中,大尺度流場與駛流分布均會改變熱帶氣旋平均形成位置,亦為影響熱帶氣旋侵台與否之因素。整體而言,綜觀環境群落分析之大部分結果,均顯示與經驗正交函數所分析之大尺度環境有相似的特徵,顯示熱帶氣旋侵台路徑亦確實受不同時間尺度變異之影響。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study is to analyze the long-term features of TCs affecting Taiwan. The large-scale environments related to these features are discussed to help understand the possible mechanisms. This study analyzes the TCs occurred in the targeted area (118°-125°E, 20°-27°N) during 1970-2013, using the wavelet analysis approach. Results show that there are two significant scales, interannual (3-5 year) and interdecadal (10-13 year) signals about the TC numbers in the area. To address the large scale mechanism, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied on the 3-5 year and the 10-13 year filtered 500 hPa wind fields and geopotential heights. Results show that the interannual signal is dominated by the 500 hPa U- and V-wind fields, suggesting that the TC track patterns are affected mainly by the mid-level flow. On the other hand, the interdecadal signal is dominated by the 500 hPa U-wind field and geopotential anomalies, indicating that the main cause of the difference in TC number near Taiwan is the location of TC formation. In addition, to discuss the relationship between the large scale flow patterns analyzed by EOF and the synoptic environmental circulations, a non-hierarchical cluster analysis is applied on 850 hPa wind field associated with TCs which have potential to affect Taiwan. For both interannual and interdecadal scales, the low-level synoptic-scale steering flows dominate the TC track patterns that lead TCs to affect Taiwan. Moreover, the locations of TC formations are also changed in interdecadal scale and influence the pattern of TC track affecting Taiwan. The features of wind field, geopotential height, and TC formation location obtained by EOF analysis are similar to those obtained based on the cluster analysis, indicating that the number of TCs affecting Taiwan does have interannual and interdecadal variabilities and is affected by the changes in the synoptic environment.

參考文獻


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