高科技產業專利策略之探討

A Study on Patent Strategy of High-Tech Industry

曾維茂(Wei-Mao Tseng)

指導教授 ： 湯明哲

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/國際企業學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.00357

摘要

在知識經濟的時代，企業的價值取決於智慧財產，其中以技術為基礎的專利更是高科技產業的競爭優勢，因此如何訂定專利策略，以專利作為企業競爭的攻擊、防禦武器，成為高科技產業經營層在超競爭時代不可忽視的重要策略管理課題。
專利是一種排他權，只要取得專利這種專屬性資產後，即能防止他人進入市場，進而享有合法的市場獨占利益，達到產業控制的目的。為使公司能藉由專利取得未來機會並長期獲得企業動態能力的來源，專利策略有三大重要面向:一、取得專利，以建立策略性隔離機制，阻絕他人模仿。二、創造專利價值，極大化權利金收入，出售、轉讓、融資，或利用專利作為策略聯盟等各種交易的談判籌碼。三、防禦機制，主動或被動利用訴訟等手段，保護及實施公司專利，以確保研發、營運等自由，並嚇阻競爭對手進入市場。
本研究採取質化的深入訪談法，深入訪談三家高科技公司，獲得以下的發現：一、高科技產業皆有一套完善的誘因機制，以激勵研發。二、高科技產業對無專利競爭意義的技術，絕少利用揭露制度使競爭對手無法取得專利。三、高科技產業仍未見完善的專利申請或佈局策略，建構專利保護網。四、高科技產業利用專利創造收入，提高公司價值等攻擊策略者，仍付諸闕如。五、高科技產業絕少主動控訴他人侵權，而被訴侵權時的談判籌碼也不多。六、高科技產業取得制訂產業標準等基礎型的專利尚不多見。七、高科技產業未能善加利用專利資訊，以避免研發資源浪費、防止侵權，並習得產業發展趨勢的技術。八、高科技產業仍將專利視為法務部門事務，尚未有一完善的組織以發揮專利策略功能。九、高科技產業經營階層忽視專利策略，未能將專利作為競爭策略的武器。
期望本研究所建立的專利策略模型與專利策略流程，能夠提供我國高科技產業未來訂定專利策略的參考，並透過本研究的發現與建議，喚醒經營層重視專利策略的價值。

關鍵字

高科技產業；專利；策略；專利策略

並列摘要

In a knowledge economy, the value of firms derives from their intellectual property. As a result, technology-based patents constitute a sustainable competitive advantage in high-tech industries. Consequently, in a hyper competitive market, the patent strategy as a weapon for attacking or defending has become an imperative strategic thrust.
Patent strategy primarily encompasses decisions about obtaining patent rights, creating patent value, and enforcing them. Three strategies are pursued by firms in the patent domain – using patents as an isolating mechanism to shield valuable rent yielding commercial assets of the firms from imitation, leveraging of patents to maximize income or using patents as bargaining chips to strengthen the business’ position in dealing with third parties, and defending against patents owned by others to ensure freedom to innovate and operate in the marketplace. Thus decisions about patents can help firms build “positions” that become sources of dynamic capabilities in the long run.
This thesis adopts a qualitative research method. After in-depth interviews with three high-tech companies, the findings about their patent strategy are as follows. First, they all have a complete incentive mechanism to stimulate innovations. Second, as to non significant competitive technology, they seldom adopt disclosure system to prevent competitors from obtaining the patent. Third, they are still in lack of a comprehensive patent filing strategy to build picket fence of patents. Forth, they seldom use patents to raise company values and increase income. Fifth, they seldom accuse others of infringements, and have little edge when accused of. Sixth, only few of them acquire even the essential patents that set up the industry standard. Seventh, they seldom use the patent information well to avoid infringements as well of waste of resources, neither do they learn the technology for the trend of industry. Eighth, they still regard patent as the domain the legal department and yet have promoted the patent issue to the corporate strategy level. As such, patent strategy of these firms is still in the beginning stage. Last, they fail to take patents as a competitive weapon.
The research aims to provide high-tech industry with suggestions in formulating a patent strategy. With patent strategy model and processes, the thesis expects to raise the concerns of managers in the high-tech industry regarding the strategic importance of patents and the urgent need to formulate and implement a patent strategy.

並列關鍵字

High-Tech Industry ； Patent ； Strategy ； Patent Strategy

參考文獻

5.陳創立，民89，高科技產業跨國知識移轉策略之研究，國立台灣師範大學工業科技教育研究所碩士論文。

17.蕭秉國，民93，論美國高科技產業併購專利策略與法律問題研究，私立中原大學財經法律系碩士論文。

11.林明緯，民91，專利分析與專利投資組合建構─以半導體系統單晶片技術為例，元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。

3. Deepak Somaya. 2002. Theoretical Perspectives on Patent Strategy. Working paper, R. H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland.

3. Robert M. Grant. 2002. Contemporary Strategy Analysis (4th ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Inc.