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中國崛起如何影響選民的投票行為:2012年臺灣總統選舉的分析

How China Rise Impacts Voters’ Behavior:An Analysis of 2012 Presidential Election in Taiwan

指導教授 : 張佑宗
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摘要


1996年臺灣首次舉行總統直選,當時中國大陸為阻止具有臺獨傾向的李登輝當選,以文攻武嚇的方式加以挑釁及提出警告,並製造臺灣海峽飛彈危機,企圖影響總統的選情。此一舉措反而促成李登輝的高票當選,中國大陸當局因此學到一次經驗。 中國因素是否影響2012年總統選舉的結果?亦即中國大陸逐漸推動政治改革,經濟持續高速增長、科技不斷進步等因素,再加上兩岸經濟密切合作發展,多位具指標性的臺商企業,在2012年總統選舉前大動作召開記者會呼籲力挺九二共識,此舉是否已潛移默化影響內部臺灣選民的投票抉擇?基於過去10多年來,兩岸關係的演變對我們選舉造成的影響,以及中共嘗試影響我們的方式所造成的變化,本文引出以下三個問題意識: 第一、臺灣民眾是否關注並清楚認知中國的崛起?第二、臺灣民眾是否認為中國近年來的政治改革越來越民主?中國的經濟發展越來越蓬勃?中國的科技發展越來越進步?第三、臺灣民眾是否會因中國在政治、經濟、科技等領域的崛起而影響其投票行為?為了探討中國崛起的因素是否影響2012年臺灣總統選舉的投票抉擇,本研究回顧投票行為的研究,並透過促發效果實驗與調查研究法兩種研究方法的整合,將對照組與實驗組的結果進行比對與交叉分析,經過統計結果,嘗試解讀中國崛起的政治、經濟與科技因素對於2012年總統選舉的投票行為影響。 相較於過去已有的研究文獻,藉著問卷調查的資料分析,本研究具有以下三個研究貢獻:第一、對於中國經濟崛起的認知與評價,的確影響臺灣民眾的投票行為;第二、對中國大陸政治改革具有正面評價者,傾向投票給馬英九;第三、對中國大陸科技崛起具有正面評價者,傾向投票給馬英九。

並列摘要


The first presidential election of Taiwan took place in 1996. In order to prohibit the pro-independence candidate- Lee Teng-hui from being elected, China launched verbal intimidation and saber rattling, issued warnings, and created Taiwan Strait missile crisis. All these measures, on the contrary, paved the ways for Lee Teng-hui’s landslide victory. The Chinese government thus learned a lesson from this experience. Does the China factor have any effects on 2012 presidential election in Taiwan? China has made several movements in its political reforms, sustained rapid economic growth and made substantial progress in its technology development. Coupled with the close tie in cross-strait economic cooperation and development, several most influential Taiwanese businessmen held a press conference and strongly endorsed the validity of “1992 Consensus”. Does this incident have any imperceptible influence on Taiwanese people’s voting behavior in Taiwan’s 2012 presidential election? Based on the experiences of how the cross-strait relationship shifts influenced our elections in the past decades, this paper probes the following three questions: First, are Taiwanese people concerned about China’s? Second, do Taiwanese people agree that China is making continuous progress in its political reform, economic growth and technology development? Third, is Taiwanese people’s voting behavior affected by the rise of China? In order to analyze whether China’s rise has any impact on Taiwan’s 2012 presidential election, this research conducted a literature review on voting behavior and administered a questionnaire incorporating the priming effect experiment and survey method. The statistics are obtained by comparing and cross-examining the survey results of the control group and the experimental group. This research tries to interpret how China’s rise in its politics, economy and technology sectors affects voting behavior in Taiwan’s 2012 presidential election. Compared with the exiting research literature, this study has three contributions: firstly, the perception and recognition of China’s economic growth does have significant influence on Taiwanese voting behavior; secondly, voters with positive evaluations of China’s political reforms tend to vote for Ma Ying-jeou; finally, voters with positive perception of China’s technology development tend to vote for Ma Ying-jeou.

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