專業言論之類型化─律師執業管制與言論自由

CATEGORIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL SPEECH: THE REGULATION OF LAWYERS AND THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH

黃昱中(Yu-Jhong Huang)

指導教授 ： 林子儀

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00733

摘要

本文研究主題為「律師的專業言論」及「專業證照制度對於律師專業言論的影響」。律師為專業人員，或稱自由業者，其需經高等教育及專業訓練，並受專業倫理規範之約束。律師業務與個人基本權利及社會公益密切相關，其從業資格受證照制度管制。律師執行業務時，必須符合「專業性」、「獨立性」、「公益性」三項專業要求。本文認為專業言論之要件包含：「專業人員的資格」、「專業知識的言論」、「信賴關係」三者。是以，律師基於與當事人間之委任關係，以其法律專業，提供當事人之法律意見，則構成律師專業言論。
本文主張，律師在報章雜誌上具名提供法律常識，應屬於律師廣告行為。律師面對面或在網路等其他平台，接受當事人一對一諮詢，其給予當事人的法律建議，則屬於專業言論。律師專業言論，事實上帶有推廣業務的效果，故內容必須為真實、無誤導性，並合乎專業性，方受憲法所保障。律師專業言論亦應符合專業責任之要求。若律師給予當事人顯然錯誤、不當，而有違律師專業性的法律意見，致使當事人受有損害，應負民事損害賠償責任。

關鍵字

律師 ； 言論自由 ； 專業言論 ； 專門職業人員 ； 證照制度 ； 律師倫理

並列摘要

The research subjects of this thesis are “lawyer’s professional speech” and “the impact of licensure on lawyer’s professional speech”. Lawyers are professionals, or so-called freelancer, who have to undergo higher education and professional training and are bound by professional ethics. When practicing the profession, lawyers have to meet all three requirements of “professionalism,” “independence,” and “public interest”. This thesis finds the elements of professional speech including “the qualification of professionals,” “the speech regarding professional knowledge,” and “fiduciary
relationships”. Thus, the lawyer’s advice provided to his/her client based on the lawyer’s profession and the relationships between the lawyer and client becomes
lawyer’s professional speech.
This thesis holds that the named general legal knowledge offered by a lawyer on the newspapers and or magazines is the lawyer’s advertisement. The legal advice provided
by the lawyer to his/her client after the lawyer is consulted one-on-one by the client through other platform such as internet belong to professional speech. Lawyer’s
professional speech in fact comes with the effect of business promotion; therefore, the speech has to be real, not misleading, and professional so that the speech may be protected by the Constitution. Lawyer’s professional speech should also meet the requirement of professional responsibility. If the legal advice given by a lawyer to
his/her client is apparently incorrect and inappropriate which is against the professionalism of lawyers and leads to the loss of the client, the lawyer should bear the civil liability for damage.

並列關鍵字

lawyer ； free speech ； professional speech ； professionals ； licensure ； lawyer ethics

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