如何在快速變遷的地球村時代中保存具有文化價值之歷史性建造物,以求自有歷史文化之記憶與傳承,是現代國家的一樣重要課題。其中特別是私有之歷史性建造物相較於公有者更能代表人民真實的歷史足跡,但也正是因為此等私有性質,導致無法期待私法權利人皆自願地限縮權利之行使,從而產生歷史性建造物保存與私有財產權保障之間的緊張關係。是以本文研究核心,即為從憲法到行政法的角度,特別是文化資產保存法制,探討此等緊張關係。 因此本文首先探討私有歷史性建造物保存在憲法上的基礎,主張其係以私有財產權限制為手段而欲追求國家人文環境保護任務之實現;其次本文則於具體行政法層次探討私有歷史性建造物之強制保存法律關係如何形成,以及此等法律關係中權利與義務之面貌,而由於歷史性建造物之保存並無法離開土地而為之,故亦論及土地於其中所承受之法律效果。本文為求論述之完整,除了我國法制分析之外,並參考與日本法制之比較,最後則提出研究成果與建議。
How to conserve historic buildings added with cultural value in this fast-changing global village era is a crucial topic for modern countries. Among these historic buildings, particularly those private ones describe people’s authentic historic footprints better than public ones do, but it is this private ownership that makes it unreasonable to expect that all entitled people will voluntarily confine their exercise of rights, which thus leads to the tension between the conservation of historic buildings and the protection of private rights. Therefore, the core issue in this thesis is to examine this tension from the prospective of constitution to that of administrative law, especially in the legal system of cultural heritage preservation. Thus, I firstly discuss the constitutional foundation of the conservation of private historic buildings, and argue that the restriction of property rights involved here acts as means in pursue of achieving country’s mission to protect artificial environment; secondly, I discuss how the legal relation in impulsive conservation of private historic buildings forms in concrete administrative law level, the rights and responsibilities in this kind of legal relation, and also the legal effect imposed on land, for the conservation of private historic buildings cannot be done without land. To make my argument more desirable, I also refer to the comparison with Japanese legal system, and finally put forward my findings and advice.