譯者的聲音：《大亨小傳》男女譯者之性別重現

The Translator’s Voice: Endangering The Great Gatsby

蔡惟方(Wei-Fang Tsai)

指導教授 ： 馬耀民

國立臺灣大學/文學院/翻譯碩士學位學程/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202102337

摘要

《大亨小傳》為美國作家費茲傑羅於一九二五年出版的小說。書中描述主角尼克．卡拉威於一九二二年夏天從中西部來到紐約謀生，結識了神秘的年輕富翁傑．蓋茲比的故事。費茲傑羅的寫作手法含蓄、精煉，採用大量象徵手法描寫美國夢的破滅與人性的腐敗，並探討愛情與婚姻、金錢與權力，以及階級與種族等議題。《大亨小傳》的中文譯作至今已超過二十七本，但許多譯本誤譯甚多，品質良莠不齊。本研究選擇分析貴為經典的喬志高譯本，與令人耳目一新的張綺容譯本，觀察譯者的自身性別做為「附文本」，如何對譯文產生影響，以及譯者如何使用言語塑造自己的意識形態。研究結果顯示，翻譯對女性較不友善的文本時，身為女性的張綺容善於運用感嘆詞詮釋語氣，讓女性角色更立體，並顧及到費茲傑羅為黛西設計的「重複」說話習慣，譯者儼然與書中的女性角色形成「同盟」。張譯本也試圖削弱男性角色的動作力度，使他們的聲音單一化。而身為男性的喬志高做法則相反，他的獨特且反覆出現的字詞選擇，不僅顯化了男尊女卑的性別地位，也扭曲了女性角色的形象。簡言之，兩位譯者皆透過「發聲」來展現自己的性別意識形態，並大幅更改了書中角色的形象。若譯者在譯文中現身、獻「聲」勢在必行，那麼譯者在翻譯時能否在表現意識形態與僭越原作者的聲音之間取得平衡，或許值得討論。

關鍵字

《大亨小傳》 ； 費茲傑羅 ； 喬志高 ； 張綺容 ； 譯者的聲音 ； 性別 ； 附文本

並列摘要

The Great Gatsby is a novel written by American novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. Published in 1925, the story follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. Up until the present time, there have been more than 27 Chinese translations of The Great Gatsby, yet many of which are found with multiple mistranslations and low readability. Thus, this present thesis chooses to revisit two translations of The Great Gatsby, one by a male translator, George Kao, and the other by a female translator, Zhang Qirong, hoping to reveal how gender serves as crucial paratexual element during translation activity, and observe how the translators’ gender ideologies are shaped through language use. Textual analysis suggests that Zhang not only attempts to make the female characters more visible and vividly portrayed in her translation, but also feminizes the male characters to reduce the force in their speech and actions. Kao’s alteration includes demonstrating his deep-rooted ideology of male supremacy through his word choice and additions to his translation, as well as revealing his gender stereotype towards female characters by reinforcing their negative descriptions. In short, two translators both express their gender ideology through “voicing” themselves in the translations. If it is inevitable for the translators to be present in the translation, it is perhaps worth deliberation to consider whether or not translators should strike a balance between expressing their ideology and suppressing the original voice.

並列關鍵字

The Great Gatsby ； F. Scott Fitzgerald ； George Kao ； Zhang Qirong ； Translator’s Voice ； Gender ； Para-textual element

參考文獻

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