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  • 學位論文

含磷氮配位基釕錯合物之合成、配位化學及催化研究

Ruthenium Complexes with Phosphorous-Nitrogen Donor Ligands: Syntheses, Coordinations and Catalyses

指導教授 : 劉緒宗
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摘要


本論文成功合成出一系列含膦氮配位基之釕金屬錯合物,並將重點放在錯合物結構的鑑定、配位基的置換反應與機制探討、以及催化反應的測試。利用P^NH2(o-diphenylphosphinoaniline)與一系列釕金屬前趨物反應可製備出不同分子結構之膦氮釕錯合物。並藉由探討各個錯合物之間的NMR光譜差異,來推導錯合物的結構。引入13CO可幫助取得更多配位基排列的資訊,並以進一步以X-Ray單晶繞射及質譜分析來印證假設。從配位基取代反應的結果可得知DMSO傾向位於胺基的對位。由動力學實驗亦可得知[P^NH2RuCl2(DMSO)2] (1)及[P^NH2RuCl2(DMSO)(ACN)] (3)之結構中,位於氯原子對位之配體較容易被置換,且其必經由D機制(dissociative mechanism)形成一16電子之五配位過渡態。另外,[P^NH2RuCl2(DMSO)(CO)] (15)為熱力學相對穩定之結構體,可經由一系列的配位基取代,並在DMSO中逐漸生成。 實驗中亦合成一系列含schiff base之P^N(im)-1~4(如圖示)。由於schiff base是一具有強trans effect之配位官能基,可使其對位之配體較容易脫去,因而在此系統中較容易生成雙膦氮配體之錯合物[(P^N(im)-1)2Ru] (8)、[(P^N(im)-3)2- RuCl2] (9),此現象與含胺類系統有明顯差異,並可藉由催化反應來深入探討。 含P^NH2之釕金屬錯合物對於氫轉移反應普遍具有良好的反應活性,源自於結構中的胺基能與酮類及醛類反應物產生氫鍵,且結構中若具有CO配位,可大幅提昇其催化活性。另一方面,此類釕錯合物可成功應用於N-烷基化的催化,於較短的時間內選擇性地產生二級胺產物。值得一提的是,根據此催化概念可進一步延伸至三級胺的合成與分子內合環生成吲哚,以及偶氮、硝基芳香化合物的還原與再烷基化,並具有優異的轉化率與選擇性。

並列摘要


There has been much research interest in the hybrid ligands particularly with nitrogen and phosphorous donors because of the different donating nature of P and N atoms. Herein, we described the coordination chemistry of ruthenium complexes with various PN ligands. Most of our efforts was aimed at the structural characterizations, ligand substitution reactions, and catalytic reactivity. Various ruthenium complexes containing o-diphenylphosphinoaniline (P^NH2) were prepared from the substitution reactions of RuCl2(DMSO)4, RuCl2CO3(THF), and RuCl2(PPh3)3 with P^NH2. Their stereoisomers were determined by multinuclear NMR, and some were characterized by X-ray crystallography. From ligand substituion reactions, it was noticed that DMSO preferred to sit trans to the amine donor. Due to the trans effect, the ligand trans to chloride was easily exchanged by acetonitrile or CO. From kinetic results, the thermodynamic parameters of self-ligand exchanges were evaluated. The exchange processes involve the formation of a five coordinate intermediate through a dissociative mechanism. The coordination chemistry of ruthenium complexes with other bidentate and tridentate PN ligands (P^N(im)-1~4) was investigated. It was well documented that ruthenium complexes containing a primary amine donor are efficient catalysts on the hydrogen transfer reaction. Using ruthenium complexes prepared in this work, we have studied their catalytic activities on the reduction of ketones and aldehydes, N-alkylation, reduction of nitro compounds, and one-pot, multi-step syntheses of amines. The complexes bearing CO ligands appear to be excellent catalysts in these reactions particularly for N-alkylation.

並列關鍵字

Ruthenium phosphine amine ligand substitution kinetics catalyses

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


鄧運楨(2013)。多牙氮配位基之釕與銅錯合物之合成與催化探討〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00876

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