專利權因其對於技術發展的周延保護,逐漸成為企業發展核心競爭力的關鍵之ㄧ,對公司發展方向、獲利能力與競爭優勢具有不可忽視的影響力。目前對於專利權的研究以法制規範的探討為主,專利管理方面則缺乏對於相關組織結構的探討,本研究欲由策略面向及組織結構面向探討企業專利管理的定位,並進一步了解影響其定位的因素。 本研究以質性研究方法進行,透過深度訪談法收集研究資料,分別由專利管理之策略性程度與專利管理之部門化程度兩個面向進行專利管理之定位,並由訪談資料中歸納出影響專利管理之定位的因素,進行命題的推導,進而提出綜合分析架構及相關結論。 根據訪談資料分析結果,本研究推導出四項影響專利管理之因素,分別為產業環境、競爭態勢、領導者態度與人力資源。在產業環境方面,企業所屬的產業成熟度與該產業之技術成熟度與專利管理之策略性程度呈負向關係,此外以品牌發展為導向的企業,其專利管理之策略性程度較高;在競爭態勢方面,競爭程度越高,企業專利管理之策略性程度越強;在領導者態度方面,領導者重視發展技 術創新,專利管理之策略性程度越高,領導者重視進行專利管理與建立相關結構,則專利管理之部門化程度越高;人力資源與專利管理則呈相互影響之關係。 研究建議未來可將企業整體績效指標或專利管理相關績效指標與本研究之命題整合分析,以建立起專利管理之權變理論,並且針對本研究提出的四區塊定位架構,進行更大規模的立意抽樣與量化分析,以驗證本研究架構所提出的命題。 對於企業而言應可更審慎地評估企業所具備的環境特性,根據本研究的架構規劃未來在專利管理方面的定位。
Because patent rights provide protection for technology development, it becomes one of the resources of the firms’ core competence, and has significant influence to the firms’ profitability and competitive advantage, but recent researches about patent rights have focused on the legislation and regulation. Therefore, this research would discuss the strategic and organizational taxonomies and explore the antecedents of patent management of business organization. The qualitative research approach was used to explore this subject, and this research collected materials with in-depth interview. Then the research developed two imensions- strategic dimension and departmentalize dimension- to position the patent management of business organization, and generalized the antecedents. Eventually, the research derived out the proposition and conclusion. According to the result, there respectively are four areas of strategic positions and four antecedents (industrial environment, competitive posture, leadership, and human resource) of patent management. This research derives out seven propositions to define the relationship between the two dimensions and the antecedents, and established an integrated structure to analyze the patent management of business organizations. Findings of the study suggest that performance indices of the business or the patent management could be used in the integrated structure to establish the contingency theory of patent management. Then business organizations could use the structure to map out the positions of patent management.
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