都市垃圾車之收集路線與停點規劃模式

A Vehicle Routing and Stop Locating Problem for Solid Waste Collection in Urban Areas

薛雅之(Ya-Tse Hsueh)

指導教授 ： 林楨家

國立臺灣大學/理學院/地理環境資源學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.01568

摘要

本研究以數學規劃方法設計都市垃圾車收集路線與停點規劃模式，模式追求四個目標：最大化每工作日至少被服務一次之人口數、最大化每工作日至少被服務二次之人口數、最小化收集作業造成之環境污染以及最小化對道路交通之衝擊，並滿足以下限制條件：收集路線之連續性、收集路線無子路徑、需求點被服務與停點關係、垃圾車載運量上限、工作時間上限以及決策變數值域。本研究將模式設計為多目標灰色0-1規劃模式，利用灰數處理參數不確定性問題。為檢驗模式的實用性與價值，本研究以台北市政府環境保護局清潔隊大安區瑞安小隊轄區為場域進行實例分析，使用灰色一階演算法求解，尋找非劣解集合做為替選方案。實例規劃結果共產生六個替選方案，提供決策者後續評估與決策的基礎，同時發現現有垃圾收集路線是著重在提供民眾垃圾收集之基礎服務而較少關注其他議題。最後，在政策分析中發現，若以維持基礎服務為首要目標，則減少垃圾車數目並不會對該目標上限值造成明顯的影響;若以提供較彈性之服務為主，減少垃圾車數目可能使服務品質降低;環境汙染與交通衝擊則會隨著垃圾車數量的減少而降低，但單一垃圾車行駛的距離則會變長。相較於過去文獻，本研究模式的貢獻在同時考量及處理不同關係人的需要；而在實務上，垃圾清運作業規劃者能以本模式規劃結果為基礎，進行方案評估與細部設計，有助於提升規劃作業的效率與系統性。

關鍵字

垃圾清運 ； 車輛路線問題 ； 數學規劃 ； 停點選擇 ； 都市地區

並列摘要

This work develops a vehicle route/stop design model for solid waste collection in urban areas by using mathematical programming approach. The objectives of proposed model include maximizing residents served at least once per working day, maximizing residents served at least twice per working day, minimizing collection vehicles’ pollution while operating collection works, and minimizing impact on existing traffic. The proposed model considers constraints of route continuity, sub-tour prohibition, relationships among served residents and stop locations, vehicle capacity, working hours, and value ranges of decision variables. The grey numbers are employed to process the uncertainties in some parameters, and the model is developed as a multi-objective grey 0–1 programming problem. A case study of Ruian Sub-district in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan is conducted. The Grey One-stage method is employed to solve the problem for searching non-dominated solutions. The results of case study propose 6 alternatives for follow-up assessment and discover that the existing waste collection routes emphasize on offering basic collection service but ignore other objectives. Through policy analysis, the reduction of collection vehicles will not affect much on maintaining basic waste collection service; but it will lower the residents served at least twice when only one vehicle operates, will decrease pollution and traffic impact and will increase the travel distance per vehicle per run. The proposed model is the first vehicle route/stop design model for solid waste collection that considered comprehensive stakeholders’ needs in Taiwan. The model supports decision-makers in developing alternatives for further evaluations and detailed designs in an efficient and systematic manner.

並列關鍵字

solid waste collection ； vehicle routing problem ； mathematical programming ； stop selection ； urban area

參考文獻

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